Potential utility of miRNAs for liquid biopsy in breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy due to its incidence rate, recurrence, and metastasis in women. Conventional strategies of cancer detection– mammography and tissue biopsy lack the capacity to detect the complete cancer genomic landscape. Besides, they often give false- positive or negative results. The presence of this and other disadvantages such as invasiveness, high-cost, and side effects necessitates developing new strategies to overcome the BC burden. Liquid biopsy (LB) has been brought to the fore owing to its early detection, screening, prognosis, simplicity of the technique, and efficient monitoring. Remarkably, microRNAs (miRNAs)– gene expression regulators seem to play a major role as biomarkers detected in the samples of LB. Particularly, miR-21 and miR-155 among other possible candidates seem to serve as favorable biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Hence, this review will assess the potential utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and will highlight certain promising candidates for the LB approach in the diagnosis and management of BC that may optimize the patient outcome.

Biopsia Líquida: Avances en El Diagnóstico Del Cáncer De Mama

“…Los miARN son pequeñas moléculas de ARN que regulan la expresión génica y están involucrados en la carcinogénesis (13). La dete cción de miARNs específicos en la sangre de pacientes con CM mediante BL puede servir como biomarcadores para la detección temprana, el pronóstico y la respuesta al tratamiento (14).…”

Non-Coding RNAs Modulating Estrogen Signaling and Response to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer

“…A recent study analyzing total levels of circulating cf-miRNA demonstrated that high plasma levels of cf-miRNA were significantly associated with unfavorable clinical features, including tumor stage, tumor load and the presence of metastasis at diagnosis [ 274 ]. Various circulating miRNAs have been suggested to be potential biomarkers for BC prognosis [ 275 ]. Among them, levels of exosomal miR-148a were recently reported to be considerably lower in BC patients and low levels were associated with a poor clinical outcome in BC patients, suggesting this miRNA to be a potential prognostic biomarker [ 276 ].…”

“…In contrast, various studies analyzed intratumoral ncRNA expression in BC tissue and their implication for the ET response [ 279 ]. Today, analysis of circulating ncRNAs in liquid biopsies is considered to be a better and less invasive method [ 275 , 277 ], and initial studies exist that provide proof-of-concept [ 280 ]. Exosomal miR-221/222 were the first miRNAs shown to confer resistance to tamoxifen and fulvestrant in BC cells via downregulation of Erα [ 125 , 128 ].…”

Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer

“…Ginsenoside Rg2 Ginsenoside Rg2 has the functions of enhancing memory, improving metabolism, protecting heart, as well as anti-cancer ( Liu X et al, 2022 ). It is reported that ginsenoside Rg2 induces cell cycle arrest, inhibits proliferation and drives apoptosis of BC cells ( Jeon et al, 2021a ).…”