Breast cancer and circadian disruption from electric lighting in the modern world

Stevens, Richard G.; Brainard, George C.; Blask, David E.; Lockley, Steven W.; Motta, Mário

doi:10.3322/caac.21218

Cited by 269 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 149 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

207

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…6 In addition, candle-light-style OLEDs emitting yellowish orange light have been demonstrated to be a physiologically friendly light at night. 26,27 Therefore, devices A-C are physiologically friendly light due to their relatively low intensities of blue emission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient hybrid warm white organic light-emitting diodes using a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter: exploiting the external heavy-atom effect

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To attain high efficiencies in hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs), mutual quenching of the fluorophors and phosphors should be minimized. Efforts have been devoted to reducing the triplet quenching of phosphors; however, the quenching of fluorophors by the external heavy-atom effect (EHA) introduced by the phosphors is often ignored. Here, we observed that conventional fluorophors and fluorophors with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) behave differently in the presence of EHA perturbers. The efficiencies of the conventional fluorophors suffer greatly from the EHA, whereas the TADF fluorophors exhibit negligible changes, which makes TADF materials ideal fluorophors for hybrid devices. WOLEDs using a blue TADF fluorophor and an orange phosphor achieve a maximum forward viewing external quantum efficiency of 19.6% and a maximum forward viewing power efficiency of 50.2 lm W 21 , among the best values for hybrid WOLEDs. This report is the first time that the EHA effect has been considered in hybrid WOLEDs and that a general strategy toward highly efficient hybrid WOLEDs with simple structures is proposed. Keywords: external heavy-atom effect; hybrid white OLEDs; thermally activated delayed fluorescence INTRODUCTION Recent conceptual advancements have led to many exciting approaches to white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). 1-4 For practical use, high efficiency and long lifetime are the most critical parameters. Blue phosphors can obtain high luminous efficiency but suffer from short lifetime, while blue fluorophors are exactly the opposite. 5,6 Efforts have been devoted to resolve the tradeoff between the high efficiency and long lifetime by combining the advantages of phosphors and fluorophors, that is, by fabricating hybrid WOLEDs with blue fluorophors and green/red or orange phosphors. [6][7][8][9] To attain high efficiencies in hybrid WOLEDs, mutual quenching of the fluorophors and phosphors should be minimized. It has been long realized that the quenching of the green and red phosphorescence by the low triplet energy fluorophors is one of the main losses of excitation energy in these devices. 6 Therefore, a 'triplet harvesting' strategy by doping a blue fluorophor and red/green phosphors in separated regions of high-triplet-energy host materials has been proposed 1,10 and is further improved by incorporating blue fluorophors with high triplet energy (T 1 ) to prevent the undesirable 'back energy transfer' from the phosphors to the blue fluorophors. 2,7,8 However, the heavy metal in the phosphors introduce an external heavy-atom effect (EHA) in the emissive layer (EML) and may lead to

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient hybrid warm white organic light-emitting diodes using a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter: exploiting the external heavy-atom effect

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…RNF115 is another ubiquitin E3 ligase that is strongly associated with increased tumor growth, particularly in response to estrogen (43). Many studies have found significant correlations between disrupted circadian rhythms and increased risk for certain cancers, including breast cancer (44). Ubiquitination regulates the stability of core clock proteins; thus, it is possible that this protein interacts with core circadian proteins to regulate rhythms in cell growth and differentiation (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex

Chen

Logan

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

225

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With aging, significant changes in circadian rhythms occur, including a shift in phase toward a “morning” chronotype and a loss of rhythmicity in circulating hormones. However, the effects of aging on molecular rhythms in the human brain have remained elusive. Here, we used a previously described time-of-death analysis to identify transcripts throughout the genome that have a significant circadian rhythm in expression in the human prefrontal cortex [Brodmann’s area 11 (BA11) and BA47]. Expression levels were determined by microarray analysis in 146 individuals. Rhythmicity in expression was found in ∼10% of detected transcripts (P < 0.05). Using a metaanalysis across the two brain areas, we identified a core set of 235 genes (q < 0.05) with significant circadian rhythms of expression. These 235 genes showed 92% concordance in the phase of expression between the two areas. In addition to the canonical core circadian genes, a number of other genes were found to exhibit rhythmic expression in the brain. Notably, we identified more than 1,000 genes (1,186 in BA11; 1,591 in BA47) that exhibited age-dependent rhythmicity or alterations in rhythmicity patterns with aging. Interestingly, a set of transcripts gained rhythmicity in older individuals, which may represent a compensatory mechanism due to a loss of canonical clock function. Thus, we confirm that rhythmic gene expression can be reliably measured in human brain and identified for the first time (to our knowledge) significant changes in molecular rhythms with aging that may contribute to altered cognition, sleep, and mood in later life.

show abstract

“…As a disruption of light cycles increases the risk of breast cancer (13,47,48), it is plausible that melatonin and KiSS1 may exhibit similar expression patterns in breast cancer. Melatonin has been revealed to regulate circadian rhythms by inhibiting KiSS1 expression in the brain of rodents (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin-induced KiSS1 expression inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell invasiveness

Kim

Cho

2017

Oncology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, and its metastasis increases the risk of mortality. Melatonin, a hormone that regulates the circadian rhythm, has been revealed to inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis. However, its involvement in highly metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cells is yet to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that melatonin inhibited the metastatic abilities of triple-negative breast cancer cells and prolonged its inhibitory effect via the expression of kisspeptin (KiSS1), which is a suppressor of metastasis. Melatonin at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 10 µM did not affect the proliferation of metastatic MDA-MB-231 and HCC-70 triple-negative breast cancer cells. However, melatonin repressed invasiveness in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Additionally, conditional medium from melatonin-treated MDA-MB-231 cells repressed the invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Melatonin promoted the production of KiSS1, a metastasis suppressor encoded by the KiSS1 gene. In addition, melatonin increased KiSS1 expression via the expression and transcriptional activation of GATA binding protein 3. Silencing of KiSS1 weakened melatonin inhibition of breast cancer cell invasiveness. Therefore, the present study concluded that melatonin activates KiSS1 production in metastatic breast cancer cells, suggesting that melatonin activation of KiSS1 production may regulate the process of breast cancer metastasis.

show abstract

Breast cancer and circadian disruption from electric lighting in the modern world

Cited by 269 publications

References 149 publications

Highly efficient hybrid warm white organic light-emitting diodes using a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter: exploiting the external heavy-atom effect

Highly efficient hybrid warm white organic light-emitting diodes using a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter: exploiting the external heavy-atom effect

Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex

Melatonin-induced KiSS1 expression inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell invasiveness

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About