Breakthroughs in NiOx-HTMs towards stable, low-cost and efficient perovskite solar cells

Sajid, Sajid; Elseman, Ahmed Mourtada; Huang, Hao; Ji, Jun; Dou, Shangyi; Jiang, Haoran; Liu, Xin; Wei, Dong; Cui, Peng; Li, Meicheng

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.082

Cited by 159 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…As shown in Figure a, the conduction band of In doped CuCrO 2 NPs is 1.43 eV higher than that of perovskite, resulting in efficient electron blocking and less carrier recombination. The large electron injection barrier of 2.43 eV between ITO and In doped CuCrO 2 NPs indicates its efficient electron injection blocking …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang

Ouyang

Huang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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While there are very limited studies of doped ternary metal oxide based hole transport materials, a multifunctional synthesis approach of In doped CuCrO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) as efficient hole transport layers (HTLs) including simplifying the synthesis requirements is proposed, enabling doping and achievement of treatment-free HTLs. Remarkably, compared with conventional methods for synthesizing CuCrO 2 NPs, the newly proposed azeotropic promoted approach dramatically reduces the reaction time by 90% and the calcination temperature by one-third, which not only promotes high throughput production but also reduces power consumption and cost in synthesis. Equally important, indium is successfully doped into CuCrO 2 , which is fundamentally difficult in low temperature processes. The In doping offers less d-d transition of Cr 3+ and p-type doping characteristics for improving HTL transmittance and conductivity, respectively. Interestingly, In doped CuCrO 2 HTL with these improvements can be achieved by a simple ambient-condition process and exhibits thermal stability up to 200 °C, which allows perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 20.54%. Meanwhile, the devices show good repeatability and photostability. Consequently, the work contributes to establishing a simple approach to realize pristine and doped multinary oxides based HTL for the development of practical and high performing PSCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang

Ouyang

Huang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…[29,30] Looking at the future prospects of perovskite-based PV, tandem solar cells are typically stated as the most important application as they could boost established technologies like silicon or copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) to PCEs above 30%. [35] As a metal oxide, it promises low material costs and good intrinsic chemical stability. However, when stacking a wide-band-gap perovskite top cell on top of another low-band-gap absorber, the light incoupling into the bottom solar cell has to be optimized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Abzieher

Moghadamzadeh

Schackmar

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

141

149

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application-oriented research like process engineering and upscaling is observed. [1][2][3][4][5] Even though other optoelectronic devices like light emitting diodes and lasers are being researched, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] perovskite-based photovoltaics (PV) is the key technology driving the fast emergence of perovskitebased optoelectronics. Recently, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) close to 24% were demonstrated for perovskite PV, exceeding the PCEs of established thinfilm technologies. [14] Despite the rapid progress in terms of PCE, one key challenge of perovskite-based PV is still its low stability under realistic outdoor stress conditions-temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A significant advance toward more stable devices was demonstrated by engineering the composition of the large cation site of the perovskite crystal structure and by including low-dimensional perovskite interlayers and passivation layers. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Further advances in stability are based on the charge extracting materials and their interfaces with the perovskite absorber layers. [21][22][23] Most reported record PCEs are still based on highly expensive organic hole transport layer (HTL) materials like 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di (4methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA). [20,24,25] Although these materials result in good performance on short High-quality charge carrier transport materials are of key importance for stable and efficient perovskite-based photovoltaics. This work reports on electron-beam-evaporated nickel oxide (NiO x ) layers, resulting in stable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 18.5% when integrated into solar cells employing inkjet-printed perovskite absorbers. By adding oxygen as a process gas and optimizing the layer thickness, transparent and efficient NiOx hole transport layers (HTLs) are fabricated, exhibiting an average absorptance of only 1%. The versatility of the material is demonstrated for different absorber compositions and deposition techniques. As another highlight of this work, all-evaporated perovskite solar cells employing an inorganic NiO x HTL are presented, achieving stable PCEs of up to 15.4%. Along with good PCEs, devices with electron-beam-evaporated NiO x show improved stability under realistic operating conditions with negligible degradation after 40 h of maximum power point tracking at 75 °C. Additionally, a strong improvement in device stability under ultraviolet radiation is found if compared to conventional perovskite solar cell architectures employing other metal oxide charge transport layers (e.g., titanium dioxide). Finally, an all-evaporated perovskite solar mini-module with a NiO x HTL is presented, reaching a PCE of 12.4% on an active device area of 2.3 cm 2 .

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“…We note that this value of V OC is lower than conventional planar-cell architecture PSCs utilising NiO or C 60 . 29 Indeed, we have previously reported a V OC of 1.06 V using the same reactive electron-beam evaporated NiO in inverted PSCs. 26 The high ideality factor that we determine (due to high series resistance and low shunt-resistance) and voltage loss suggest that there are additional non-radiative mechanisms present in our PSC grooves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

A flexible back-contact perovskite solar micro-module

Wong‐Stringer

Routledge

McArdle

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Breakthroughs in NiOx-HTMs towards stable, low-cost and efficient perovskite solar cells

Cited by 159 publications

References 179 publications

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

A flexible back-contact perovskite solar micro-module

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Breakthroughs in NiOx-HTMs towards stable, low-cost and efficient perovskite solar cells

Cited by 159 publications

References 179 publications

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO2 Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO2 Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

A flexible back-contact perovskite solar micro-module

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Product

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Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells