For drug encapsulation, sodium alginate (SA) has attracted a considerable attention due to its swelling and sustained-release properties. Oxidative grafting is an effective way to modify SA. In this work, using amino acid as a monomer, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), sodium periodate (NaIO 4 ) as two oxidants, two composite materials of SA-H 2 O 2 -(tyrosine-proline) (OSA-[Tyr-Pro]) and SA-NaIO 4 -(tyrosine-proline) (ADA-[Tyr-Pro]) were synthesized. FTIR, UV spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and TGA were used to characterize the oxidative grafting process. The results of swelling and release study showed that in pure water, the sustained release time of OSA-(Tyr-Pro) was 45 h, i.e., five times that of SA. The swelling ratio of ADA-(Tyr-Pro) in pure water was 178.85%, which was 109.15% higher than that of SA. The environment of strong acid/alkali/high-concentration salt solution would increase the swelling rate of the material as a whole and shorten the sustained release time. But OSA-(Tyr-Pro) had the best slow-release performance while ADA-(Tyr-Pro) had the best swelling performance regardless of the environment. Based on the favorable properties of the two composite materials, it would open the field of encapsulated sustained-release drugs with different requirements.