Breaking Strength of Chick Bones as an Indication of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Adequacy.

Rowland, L. O.; Harms, R. H.; Wilson, H. R.; Roß, Ingo; Fry, Jack D.

doi:10.3181/00379727-126-32458

Cited by 79 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Rowland et al (1967) concluded that tibia bone strength was a sensitive criterion to evaluate Ca or P requirement of poultry. Consistent results have been observed in the present and other studies (Skinner et al, 1992;Liu, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimal dietary non-phytate phosphorus level of broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2016

Animal

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It is imperative to evaluate precise nutrient requirements of animals in order to optimize productivity and minimize feed cost and nutrient excretions. The current non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) recommendation for broilers is based on the papers published 30 years ago. However, today's commercial birds are quite different from those before 30 years. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted with growing male broiler chickens to evaluate an optimal dietary NPP level of broiler chickens fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age. The 1-day-old chicks were fed corn-soybean meal diet containing 0.39% NPP from 1 to 3 weeks of age. At 22 days of age, 360 birds were selected and randomly allotted by BW to one of 10 dietary treatments with six replicate cages of six birds per cage for each treatment. Birds were fed the P-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with inorganic P as CaHPO 4 ·H 2 O ranging from 0.00% to 0.45% with 0.05% increment from 4 to 6 weeks of age. The dietary NPP levels were 0.09%, 0.14%, 0.20%, 0.24%, 0.30%, 0.34%, 0.38%, 0.45%, 0.49% and 0.54%, respectively, and the dietary Ca level was fixed at 0.90% for all treatments. The results showed that average daily gain, serum inorganic P concentration, tibia bone strength, tibia ash percentage and P percentage, tibia bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), middle toe ash percentage and P percentage, middle toe BMC, total body BMC and BMD were affected ( P < 0.0001) by dietary NPP level, and increased linearly ( P < 0.0001) and quadratically ( P < 0.003) as dietary NPP levels increased. Optimal dietary NPP levels estimated based on fitted broken-line models ( P < 0.0001) of the above indices are 0.21%, 0.29%, 0.29%, 0.29%, 0.29%, 0.31%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.27%, 0.29% and 0.28%, respectively. It is suggested that the total body BMC and BMD, and middle toe ash P and BMC might be new, sensitive and non-invasive criteria to evaluate the dietary NPP requirements of broilers. The optimal dietary NPP level would be 0.31% for broiler chickens fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimal dietary non-phytate phosphorus level of broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…The stress at yield reflects the rigidity of bones as a whole, whereas the slope of the linear region of the stress versus strain curve (Young's modulus or elastic modulus) reflects the intrinsic stiffness or rigidity and material properties of bone. A high modulus values indicate the bone to be more rigid, whereas a low modulus could mean the bone is more ductile [15] .…”

Section: Mechanical Measurements and Zn Content Of Tibia Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weak bones result in breaking during processing and lower meat grade. Also, weak legs often result in reduced feed intake, thus affecting weight gain and feed conversion ratio [15] . Thus, bone problems in poultry can have an economic cost of several hundred million dollars a year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Değişik Çinko Kaynakları ve Mikrobial Fitaz Katkısının Düşük Düzeyde Fosfor İçeren Etlik Piliçlerin Tibia Kemik Özellikleri, Dayanıklılığı ve Çinko Mineralizasyonu Üzerine Etkileri

Midilli¹,

Salman²,

Muğlali³

et al. 2015

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different Zn sources and microbial phytase supplemented to low available P (aP) corn-soy diets on morphometric indices of tibiotarsi, bone strength and Zn accumulation. The experimental period lasted 42 days. A total of 875 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups (positive, negative and five experimental), each with five identical subgroups of 25 birds. The positive control (PC) group was fed a diet containing adequate concentration (0.45%) of available phosphorus (aP) due to mineral premix (except zinc) and feeds; the negative control (NC) group was fed a basal diet including low concentration (0.30%) of available phosphorus (aP) due to mineral premix (except zinc) and feeds; 0.30% aP and 500 FTU phytase kg-1; 0.30% aP and 75 mg Zn-proteinate kg-1; 0.30% aP and 75 mg ZnSO4 kg-1; 75 mg Zn-proteinate and 500 FTU phytase kg-1; 75 mg ZnSO4 and 500 FTU phytase kg-1 were added to the experimental groups of phytase (PH), organic zinc (OZ), inorganic zinc (IZ), organic zinc + phytase (OZ+PH) and inorganic zinc + phytase (IZ+PH) respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups in mean tibiotarsal diaphysis diameter, thickness of the medial wall, tibiotarsal index, medullary canal diameter, modulus of elasticity or breaking stress. However, diet with OZ + PH and IZ + PH supplementation had a greater influence on tibiotarsal weight and tibiotarsal weight/length index when compared to those measurements in broilers in both control groups (P<0.001). In addition, feed additives were seen to have a significant effect on tibiotarsal length (P<0.01), robusticity index (P<0.001), thickness of the lateral wall (P<0.05) and Zn content (P<0.05). In conclusion, the study indicated that the use of organic and inorganic Zn alone or in combination with microbial phytase improved tibial bone traits and Zn content. Keywords: Phytase, Zinc,Tibia, Morphometric indices, Bone strength, Broiler Değişik Çinko Kaynakları ve Mikrobial Fitaz Katkısının Düşük Düzeyde Fosfor İçeren Etlik Piliçlerin Tibia Kemik Özellikleri, Dayanıklılığı ve Çinko Mineralizasyonu Üzerine Etkileri ÖzetBu araştırma, düşük yararlanılabilir fosfor (Py) içeren mısır-soya temeline dayanan diyetlere farklı çinko kaynakları ile mikrobiyal fitaz ilavesinin broylerlerde tibia morfometrik indeksler, kemik direnci ve çinko birikimi üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma kırk iki gün sürmüştür. Toplam 875 adet günlük Ross 308 civciv, yedi farklı deneme grupları ve her grup 25 adet erkek hayvan içeren beş alt gruptan oluşturulmuştur. Pozitif kontrol grubu, çinko içermeyen mineral ön karması ve yeterli miktarda yararlanılabilir fosfor (%0.45) içeren rasyonla beslenmiştir. Negatif kontrol grubu ise, çinko içermeyen mineral ön karması ve düşük fosfor (%0.30) içeren temel bir rasyonla beslenmiştir. Deneme grupları; Fitaz, organik çinko, inorganik çinko, organik çinko + fitaz ve inorganik çinko + fitaz rasyonlarına sırasıyla %0....

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“…When investigating the strength of bones, many investigators have used the three-point bending test similar to that of Rowland et al (1967). Other mechanical criteria used to test strengths of bone include tension, compression, shear, and torsion (Baker and Haugh 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength characteristics of mink Mustela vison limb bones

Wilson¹,

Scanlon²,

Mason³

1994

Acta Theriol.

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The effects of sex and age of wild American mink Mustela vison Schreber, 1777 were investigated on four characteristics (thickness, cross-sectional area, shear force, and shear stress) of humeri and femurs. Thicknesses and cross-sectional areas were higher (p < 0.001) in males for both bones. Shear forces for both bones were higher (p < 0.01) in males. Age significantly (p < 0.07) affected shear stress of humeri. Increase in bone strength in males appears related to increase in bone thickness and cross-sectional area only and not to increases in shear stress. Bone geometry appears to respond to changes in body size while maintaining a constant or minimum value of shear-stress.

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Breaking Strength of Chick Bones as an Indication of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Adequacy.

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

An optimal dietary non-phytate phosphorus level of broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age

An optimal dietary non-phytate phosphorus level of broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age

Değişik Çinko Kaynakları ve Mikrobial Fitaz Katkısının Düşük Düzeyde Fosfor İçeren Etlik Piliçlerin Tibia Kemik Özellikleri, Dayanıklılığı ve Çinko Mineralizasyonu Üzerine Etkileri

Strength characteristics of mink Mustela vison limb bones

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