Breaking crosstalk limits to dynamic holography using orthogonality of high-dimensional random vectors

Abstract

Holography is the most promising route to true-to-life 3D projections, but the incorporation of complex images with full depth control remains elusive. Digitally synthesised holograms 1 – 7 , which do not require real objects to create a hologram, offer the possibility of dynamic projection of 3D video 8 , 9 . Extensive efforts aimed 3D holographic projection 10 – 17 , however available methods remain limited to creating images on a few planes 10 – 12 , over a narrow depth-of-field 13 , 14 or with low resolution 15 – 17 . Truly 3D holography also requires full depth control and dynamic projection capabilities, which are hampered by high crosstalk 9 , 18 . The fundamental difficulty is in storing all the information necessary to depict a complex 3D image in the 2D form of a hologram without letting projections at different depths contaminate each other. Here, we solve this problem by preshaping the wavefronts to locally reduce Fresnel diffraction to Fourier holography, which allows inclusion of random phase for each depth without altering image projection at that particular depth, but eliminates crosstalk due to near-orthogonality of large-dimensional random vectors. We demonstrate Fresnel holograms that form on-axis with full depth control without any crosstalk, producing large-volume, high-density, dynamic 3D projections with 1000 image planes simultaneously, improving the state-of-the-art 12 , 17 for number of simultaneously created planes by two orders of magnitude. While our proof-of-principle experiments use spatial light modulators, our solution is applicable to all types of holographic media.

Dielectric Resonance-Based Optical Metasurfaces: From Fundamentals to Applications

“…By designing different meta-pixels for different operating wavelengths, one can also realize holograms in a smaller working lattice ( Wang et al., 2016 ). The recent development of holography may also promote the evolution of the metasurface-based holography on a compact size ( Makey et al., 2019 ).…”

Holographic display technology based on liquid crystal device

“…Then the dynamic display of micrometer‐sized optical foci in a volume of 8 mm × 8 mm × 20 mm can be realized. In 2019, the crosstalk limits to dynamic holography was broken by using orthogonality of high‐dimensional random vectors . A flat‐panel wavefront modulator capable of displaying large dynamic holographic images with wide viewing angle has also been proposed .…”

“…In 2019, the crosstalk limits to dynamic holography was broken by using orthogonality of high-dimensional random vectors. 28 A flat-panel wavefront modulator capable of displaying large dynamic holographic images with wide viewing angle has also been proposed. 29 The wavefront modulator can provide multicolor projection and a small form factor, which suggests that the possible implementation of holographic displays on thin devices.…”

Domain Multiplexed Computer-generated Holography by Embedded Wavevector Filtering Algorithm

“…Generating multiple independent images from a single computer-generated hologram (CGH) is important for many practical applications [3,4]. For instance, the multiple imaging based on the viewing positions or angles is crucial to address the accommodation-convergence conflict in true 3D and near-eye displays [5,6].…”