Breaking barriers to low-carbon development in Indonesia: deployment of renewable energy

Sambodo, Maxensius Tri; Yuliana, Chitra Indah; Hidayat, Syarif; Novandra, Rio; Handoyo, Felix Wisnu; Farandy, Alan Ray; Inayah, Ika; Yuniarti, Putri Irma

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09304

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Technology has also impeded the adoption of NREs. Problems include not having enough of the right technology, not knowing how to use and maintain it properly, not being able to do research and development, and the exorbitant expense of the technology (Sambodo et al, 2022); (Moorthy et al, 2019). As a result, the government must place a greater emphasis on renewables research and development in order to improve the technological capabilities of local renewables producers and, ultimately, lower renewable energy prices (IESR, 2018).…”

Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the government must place a greater emphasis on renewables research and development in order to improve the technological capabilities of local renewables producers and, ultimately, lower renewable energy prices (IESR, 2018). In addition, the absence of a smart grid that integrates conventional and renewable energy sources and the restricted role of research and development in energy storage technologies are regarded as technological obstacles (Sambodo et al, 2022). This prospective smart grid technology will promote access to healthier, cleaner, and more long-lasting resources (Elrahmani et al, 2021), whereas the development of an energy storage system appears to be one option for addressing the intermittent nature of solar energy (Wattana & Aungyut, 2022).…”

Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand: The Gradual Transition to a New and Renewable Energy System in Indonesia by 2050

Yudiartono

Windarta

Adiarso

2023

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate long-term energy demand and supply decarbonization in Indonesia. On the demand side, electric vehicles and biofuels for transportation and induction stoves and urban gas networks for households were considered. Based on the National Energy Policy, primary energy supply projections optimized NRE power plant use and increase NRE's position in the national energy mix. A Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model evaluates 2020–2050 energy demand predictions and low-carbon energy systems. This study's sustainable transition options require two basic technical advances. First, electric vehicles and induction stoves would reduce oil fuel usage by 228.34 million BOE and LPG consumption by 24.65 million BOE. Second, power generation should be decarbonized using NRE sources such as solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal, and nuclear. In 2050, solar power (40 GW), hydropower (38.47 GW), geothermal power (10 GW), and other NRE (24.45 GW, 18.67 GW of which would be biomass power) would dominate NRE electrical capacity. Biomass co-firing for coal power plants would reach 36.35 million tons in 2050. In 2035, the Java-Bali or West Kalimantan system will deploy 1 GW of nuclear power reactors, rising to 4 GW by 2050. Under the Transition Energy (TE) scenario, by 2025 and 2050, new and renewable energy would make up 23% and 31% of the primary energy mix, respectively, reducing GHG emissions per capita. According to predictions, annual GHG emissions per capita will decline from the BAU scenario's 4.48 tonne CO2eq/capita in 2050 to the TE scenario's 4.1 tonne.

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Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand: The Gradual Transition to a New and Renewable Energy System in Indonesia by 2050

Yudiartono

Windarta

Adiarso

2023

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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“…The government's long-term ambition is to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060, or ideally by 2050 for the energy sector with international support (European Comission, 2022). This undertaking requires a profound energy decarbonisation, as the sector is projected to be the country's main source of CO2 emissions in the future (Sambodo et al, 2022). Multiple integrated assessment modelling studies have determined the necessary capacity required from each clean energy source.…”

Section: 𝐼𝑇𝐴 𝑖mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Assessment of Policy Induced Diffusion Pathways for Utility Scale Solar PV: Case Study of Indonesia

Syafina,

Oluleye

2023

Preprint

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Utility-scale solar PV is projected to play a pivotal role in achieving Indonesia’s 2050 net-zero energy target. However, current uptake is limited. This study seeks to identify a cost-effective pathway to increase the capacity of utility-scale solar PV in Indonesia through supportive policies that ensure equitable cost distribution between the government and the industry. A novel Market Penetration Optimization Model (MPOM) is developed and applied in simulation mode to assess existing policies and optimization mode to determine new policy recommendations and compare three diffusion pathways. Results show that current price-based policies are deemed insufficient to stimulate growth in the solar PV market, only covering approximately 13% of the investment cost required by the industry. Thus, necessitating a reactivation of Feed-in-Tariffs (FiT). The optimal FiT rates required to balance the cost to the government and the industry range from 0.39 to 1.47 cents $/kWh for the most economic pathway during the initial ten-year post-construction period. The IDT-based pathway necessitates the lowest initial investment cost while yielding the highest revenue from electricity sales, demonstrating its superior cost-effectiveness compared to both the supply-based and linear pathways. This study enriches the literature by exploring the financial implications of policy and diffusion pathway selections. The model's adaptability to various technologies, different countries, timelines, and capacity targets enhances its applicability for future endeavors.

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“…In accordance with the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), the Government of Indonesia seeks to reduce emissions by 29% (without assistance) or 41% (with international assistance) in accordance with the Business as Usuas (BaU) scenario by 2030. The Government of Indonesia also initiated a Low Carbon Development plan for the integration of climate change regulatory mitigation that will be adapted to the National Development Plan [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenario of renewable energy transition from fossil energy resources towards net zero emission in Indonesia

Firmansyah,

Adinarayana,

Tetrisyanda

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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In 2011, Indonesia set a 26% reduction goal for greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 to mitigate the climate change. Based on data from BPS, Indonesia's renewable energy mix in 2021 is 12.16% with a target of 23% in 2025. This indicates that there are challenges faced by Indonesia in many sectors, especially the upstream oil and gas industry as one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases, in achieving the energy transition target. In this study, trend analysis and data forecasting were carried out using trend analysis of time series data on oil and gas energy supply and consumption data as baseline to propose scenarios for both consumption and utilization energy to achieve net zero emission (NZE) in 2060. This study found that NZE may be achieved by applying energy consumption scenarios including the use of electric vehicles by 10% in 2030, and 90% in 2060 and the use of electric stoves by 25% in 2030, and 90% in 2060. Renewable energy utilization scenarios include geothermal (50%), hydro (50%), mini hydro (50%), solar (80%), and wind (15%) of the existing potential. In addition, early retirement for coal-fired power plants is needed.

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Breaking barriers to low-carbon development in Indonesia: deployment of renewable energy

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Sustainable Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand: The Gradual Transition to a New and Renewable Energy System in Indonesia by 2050

Sustainable Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand: The Gradual Transition to a New and Renewable Energy System in Indonesia by 2050

A Comparative Assessment of Policy Induced Diffusion Pathways for Utility Scale Solar PV: Case Study of Indonesia

Scenario of renewable energy transition from fossil energy resources towards net zero emission in Indonesia

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