Breakfast trends in children and adolescents: frequency and quality

Abstract

Objective: Although breakfast is important for obesity prevention and dietary quality, breakfast skipping is a common behaviour. Knowledge of changes in breakfast habits may provide potential behaviour targets for intervention programmes. The present study describes the actual data on trends in breakfast habits and composition. Design: A total of 7800 3 d dietary records of 1081 participants aged 2-18 years collected between 1986 and 2007 in the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) Study were analysed using mixed linear models. Results: Breakfast was eaten at 78 % of all record days; regular breakfast (breakfast was eaten on all three recorded weekdays) was eaten in 75 % of records. During the study period, the number of records with regular breakfast decreased significantly in 6-12-and 13-18-year-olds (P 5 0?0084 and 0?0350, respectively). Of all breakfast meals, 62 % were bread meals and 21 % were ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) meals. RTEC meals nearly doubled from the youngest to the oldest age group (P , 0?0001). During the study period, the percentage of bread meals decreased, whereas the percentage of RTEC meals increased (P , 0?0001). A higher percentage of RTEC meals than the bread meals was in accordance with the food-based guidelines (36 % v. 20 %, P , 0?0001), i.e. a breakfast including grain, dairy and fruit/vegetables. Conclusions: In the DONALD Study sample, a negative age and time trend in breakfast consumption was verified. Interventions regarding breakfast habits should be aimed at adolescents and should focus on fruit/vegetables.

Key Variables in the Development of Eating Disorders During the Adolescence: Implications for Sex Differences

“…One system young people erroneously use to control their weight is to skip breakfast (Cho et al, 2003;Niemeier et al, 2006;Timlin et al, 2008), a practice that is somewhat more usual than skipping lunch or supper (Woodruff et al, 2008). In fact, excluding breakfast or having an inadequate or insufficient breakfast is a relatively frequent eating habit among adolescents (Alexy et al, 2010;Woodruff et al, 2008).…”

Breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

“…Breakfast consumption may reduce the risk of chronic diseases due to its potential impact on overall diet quality (6,(9)(10)(11) . Although breakfast is widely promoted as essential for the nutritional well-being of young people, breakfast skipping is relatively common among adolescents in Western countries (3,12) . Overweight and obesity in childhood are associated with CVD risk factors (adverse levels of lipids, insulin and blood pressure) (13)(14)(15) .…”

Dietary trends among czech school children between 2002-2014: HBSC study

“…Star-ší děti a chlapci konzumovali slazené nápoje častěji než mladší děti a dívky (Fismen et al, 2014). Každodenní konzumace snídaní ve všedních dnech byla zaznamenána v omezeném počtu studií (Alexy, Wicher, & Kersting, 2010;Eilat--Adar, Koren-Morag, Siman-Tov, Livne, & Altmen, 2011;Levin, Kirby, Currie, & Inchley, 2012;Siega-Riz, Popkin, & Carson, 1998) a pouze jedna studie zdokumentovala změny v čet-nosti snídání o víkendech (Alexy et al, 2010). Podle studií konzumace snída-ní u dětí a adolescentů zůstává nízká a vývojové trendy v jednotlivých zemích se liší (Alexy et al, 2010;Eilat-Adar et al, 2011;.…”

“…Podle studií konzumace snída-ní u dětí a adolescentů zůstává nízká a vývojové trendy v jednotlivých zemích se liší (Alexy et al, 2010;Eilat-Adar et al, 2011;. Bylo zjištěno, že chlapci a mladší děti snídali častěji a že frekvence snídaní u obou pohlaví byla vyšší ve všedních dnech než o víkendech (Alexy et al, 2010). Zavedení školních programů umožňujících snídání ve školách se ukázalo být velmi efektivním (Eilat-Adar et al, 2011).…”