Breakfast and Other Meal Consumption in Adolescents from Southern Poland

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of breakfast and other meal consumption by adolescents and to assess the relationship between the first and the last meal consumption and sex, body mass index (BMI), and middle school and high school students’ education level. The study was conducted in 2013–2014 among 3009 students (1658 girls and 1351 boys) from middle s and high schools in Krakow and Silesia (Poland). The data was obtained from questionnaires that were analyzed with a logistic regression model for measurable and dichotomous variables. Breakfast consumers were seen to eat other meals (second breakfast, lunch, dessert, supper) significantly more often than breakfast skippers. The main meal consumption habits depend on sex and change as adolescents age. Being a girl and a high school student predisposed participants to skip breakfast and supper more often. The BMI of breakfast consumers does not differ significantly from the BMI of breakfast skippers, so BMI might thus not be a sufficient marker of breakfast consumption regularity and dietary habits in an adolescent group. The importance of regularly eaten meals, especially breakfast, together with adequate daily dietary energy intake are beneficial for physical and psychological development and cannot be overestimated in nutritional education and it is necessary to promote healthy eating behavior for well-being in later adult life.

Breakfast Consumption Frequency and Its Relationships to Overall Diet Quality, Using Healthy Eating Index 2010, and Body Mass Index among Adolescents in a Low-Income Urban Setting

“…Over 4% of adolescents in this study skipped breakfast the entire week before they were surveyed, which is consistent with previous findings that 4% of children and adolescents habitually skip breakfast (Berkey et al 2003; Resnicow 1991) but lower than other findings that indicated over 12% of urban adolescents skipped breakfast (Lawman et al 2014; Ostachowska-Gasior et al 2016). In a study that utilized a 4-day eating behavior survey and a 24-hour dietary recall to examine breakfast eating behaviors in a similar, but younger, sample of low-income African American children in New Jersey, Sampson et al (1995) found that 22%–26% of children did not eat anything for breakfast.…”

“…In a study that utilized a 4-day eating behavior survey and a 24-hour dietary recall to examine breakfast eating behaviors in a similar, but younger, sample of low-income African American children in New Jersey, Sampson et al (1995) found that 22%–26% of children did not eat anything for breakfast. The data from this study showed that girls consumed breakfast less frequently than boys and that younger adolescents consumed breakfast more frequently than older adolescents, with some significant findings between various age–sex groups, which is consistent with previous research that indicated that breakfast skipping is more common among girls and older adolescents (Lawman et al 2014; Ostachowska-Gasior et al 2016; Rampersaud et al 2005). Therefore, trends in frequency of breakfast consumption among low-income, urban, predominantly African American adolescents observed in the present study are consistent with those seen on the national level.…”

“…Some cited reasons for these patterns include time, lack of hunger, or intention to lose weight (Rampersaud et al 2005; Reddan, Wahlstrom, and Reicks 2014; Shaw 1998; Singleton and Rhoads 1982). Adolescents who skip breakfast tend to have a higher body mass index (BMI); however, this was not a consistent finding (Lawman et al 2014; Nuru and Mamang 2015; Ostachowska-Gasior et al 2016; Rampersaud et al 2005). Compared to their normal or underweight peers, overweight or obese children and adolescents are more likely to skip breakfast, especially females (Rampersaud et al 2005).…”

“…Girls, children from families with lower socioeconomic statuses, older adolescents (Evers et al 2014; Lawman et al 2014; Lytle et al 2014; Morgan, Zabik, and Stampley 1986; Murata 2000; Ostachowska-Gasior et al 2016; Rampersaud et al 2005; Resnicow 1991; Sampson et al 1995; Siega-Riz, Popkin, and Carson 1998; Singleton and Rhoads 1982; Videon and Manning 2003), and some ethnic minorities are more likely to skip breakfast (Rampersaud et al 2005). Some cited reasons for these patterns include time, lack of hunger, or intention to lose weight (Rampersaud et al 2005; Reddan, Wahlstrom, and Reicks 2014; Shaw 1998; Singleton and Rhoads 1982).…”

A fogyókúrák buktatói – pszichés tényezők

“…A környezet által közvetített kockázati tényezők mellett a pszichoszociális hatások (önértékelési zavar, testi elégedetlenség, identitásproblémák) és a hormonális változások is jelentősek [31,35,36]. Ostachowska-Gasior és mtsai a lengyel serdülők körében végzett vizsgálataik alapján a reggeliző és nem reggeliző egyének testtömegindex-(BMI-) értékei között nem találtak szignifikáns különbséget, viszont a rendszertelen étke-zés, a nassolás, valamint a súlygyarapodás között jelentős összefüggést igazoltak [38]. Ebben a korszakban az ideálok szerepe nagy.…”