Breakdown of Symbiosis in Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis

Ingrosso, Gianluca; Saldi, Simonetta; Marani, Simona; Wong, Alicia Yoke Wei; Bertelli, Matteo; Aristei, Cynthia; Zelante, Teresa

doi:10.3390/jof7040290

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Exposure to cytotoxic cancer therapies is widely associated with changes in the oral microbiota, directly caused by bactericidal or bacteriostatic anti-cancer agents, and indirectly through the breakdown of the mucosal lining and alteration of immunological properties of the oral environment [ 32 – 35 ]. Similarly, changes in saliva production and composition, xerostomia, are also associated with microbial changes in the mouth [ 36 , 37 ]. Alterations in the oral microbiota have been extensively studied using both culture-dependent and independent methods.…”

Section: Oral-gut Microbiome Axis In Ommentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral-Gut Microbiome Axis in the Pathogenesis of Cancer Treatment-Induced Oral Mucositis

Al-Qadami¹,

Sebille²,

Bowen³

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common and debilitating oral complications of cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is associated with severe pain and difficulties in chewing, swallowing, and speech. This leads to impairment of basic oral functions and could result in unplanned treatment interruption or modification. As such, OM negatively impacts both patients' quality of life as well as tumor prognostic outcomes. Understanding pathways underlying OM pathogenesis help identify new targets for intervention or prevention. The pathophysiology of OM has been widely studied over past decades with several pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and molecular and cellular signaling being implicated. In this mini-review, we will discuss the emerging role of the oral-gut microbiome axis in the development of OM. Particularly, we will elaborate on how the alterations in the oral and gut microbiota as well as intestinal dysfunction caused by cancer treatments could contribute to the pathogenesis of OM. Further, we will briefly discuss the potential methods for targeting the oral-gut microbiome axis to improve OM outcomes.

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Section: Oral-gut Microbiome Axis In Ommentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral-Gut Microbiome Axis in the Pathogenesis of Cancer Treatment-Induced Oral Mucositis

Al-Qadami¹,

Sebille²,

Bowen³

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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“…The treatment was studied on animal models to combat oral mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil [ 154 ]. Oral mucositis is manifested as an inflammatory pathology that determines candidiasis development as a serious complication [ 155 ]. The active molecule has poor water solubility, and its solubilization was proposed to be conducted in a mixture of glyceryl monooleate as the oil phase, Kolliphor RH40 as a surfactant, and PEG 400 as cosurfactant, in a ratio of 1:8:1.…”

Section: Biomaterials and Nanotechnological Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mapping of Antifungal Mechanisms Accessing Biomaterials and New Agents to Target Oral Candidiasis

Anuța

Talianu

Dinu-Pîrvu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Oral candidiasis has a high rate of development, especially in immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapies in hospitalized HIV and cancer patients are known to induce the poor management of adverse reactions, where local and systemic candidiasis become highly resistant to conventional antifungal therapy. The development of oral candidiasis is triggered by several mechanisms that determine oral epithelium imbalances, resulting in poor local defense and a delayed immune system response. As a result, pathogenic fungi colonies disseminate and form resistant biofilms, promoting serious challenges in initiating a proper therapeutic protocol. Hence, this study of the literature aimed to discuss possibilities and new trends through antifungal therapy for buccal drug administration. A large number of studies explored the antifungal activity of new agents or synergic components that may enhance the effect of classic drugs. It was of significant interest to find connections between smart biomaterials and their activity, to find molecular responses and mechanisms that can conquer the multidrug resistance of fungi strains, and to transpose them into a molecular map. Overall, attention is focused on the nanocolloids domain, nanoparticles, nanocomposite synthesis, and the design of polymeric platforms to satisfy sustained antifungal activity and high biocompatibility with the oral mucosa.

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“…Chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduce microbial diversity, leading to an overpopulation of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, disrupting the balance between the microbial community and host, leading to inflammatory responses in the oral mucosa ( Vanhoecke et al., 2015 ; Ingrosso et al., 2021 ). Furthermore, the composition and metabolic function of oral microorganisms are significantly altered during chemotherapy ( de Farias Gabriel et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Oral Mucositismentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in Radiotherapy- and Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Concise Review

Hao

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (RIOM/CIOM) is a common complication in cancer patients, leading to negative clinical manifestations, reduced quality of life, and impacting compliance with anticancer treatment. The composition and metabolic function of the oral microbiome, as well as the innate immune response of the oral mucosa are severely altered during chemotherapy or radiotherapy, promoting the expression of inflammatory mediators by direct and indirect mechanisms. Commensal oral bacteria-mediated innate immune signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ambiguously shapes radiotherapy- and/or chemotherapy-induced oral damage. To date, there has been no comprehensive overview of the role of TLRs in RIOM/CIOM. This review aims to provide a narrative of the involvement of TLRs, including TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9, in RIOM/CIOM, mainly by mediating the interaction between the host and microorganisms. As such, we suggest that these TLR signaling pathways are a novel mechanism of RIOM/CIOM with considerable potential for use in therapeutic interventions. More studies are needed in the future to investigate the role of different TLRs in RIOM/CIOM to provide a reference for the precise control of RIOM/CIOM.

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Breakdown of Symbiosis in Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis

Cited by 15 publications

References 82 publications

Oral-Gut Microbiome Axis in the Pathogenesis of Cancer Treatment-Induced Oral Mucositis

Oral-Gut Microbiome Axis in the Pathogenesis of Cancer Treatment-Induced Oral Mucositis

Molecular Mapping of Antifungal Mechanisms Accessing Biomaterials and New Agents to Target Oral Candidiasis

Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in Radiotherapy- and Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Concise Review

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