Breakdown of lignins, lignin model compounds, and hydroxy-aromatics, to C1 and C2 chemicals via metal-free oxidation with peroxide or persulfate under mild conditions

Wu, Adam; Lauzon, Jean Michel P.; Andriani, Indah; James, Brian R.

doi:10.1039/c4ra00742e

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Base and acid catalysts do not only act as efficient reagents for lignin hydrolysis; they also exhibit remarkable activity in lignin oxidation. In the case of the base catalyzed oxidation, NaOH, KOH and Na 2 CO 3 are typically used [78][79][80] . The acidcatalyzed oxidation of lignin mainly focuses on the production of vanillin from Kraft lignin [81][82] .…”

Section: Liquid-phase or Steam Reforming Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous catalytic de-polymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin in water/formic acid media with Rh/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 as bifunctional catalysts

Bengoechea

Hertzberg

Miletić

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Among all biomass sources, the lignocellulosic biomass derived from agricultural and forestry wastes is considered as the most adequate substitute for fossil sources due to its abundance, versatility and lack of competition with food resources. Yet, the efficient and economically feasible conversion of lignin into fuels and chemicals remains one of the major technology gaps for the development of lignocellulosic biorefineries. Here, the chemical nature of the lignin biopolymers will be described based on their botanical origin and the isolation process. After summarizing the most relevant advances in the catalytic conversion of lignin, the recently developed Ligninto-Liquids (LtL) process will be described and its major challenges addressed. 1.1 Energy transition: from crude oil to a biomass based energy system According to the results of the 2015 Revision 1 published by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of United Nations (UN-DESA), the world population reached 7.3 billion as of mid-2015. The global population is expected to rise in the short-to-medium term, reaching between 8.4 and 8.6 billion in 2030 and between 9.5 and 13.3 billion by the end of the century 1. Hence, the demand of natural resources for the production of food, energy and chemicals is expected to increase significantly in the course of the century. It is important, therefore, to develop an integrated production model that addresses the sustainable and environmentally friendly production and distribution of these three basic commodities: food, energy and raw materials (chemicals). The challenge is of immense magnitude. In terms of food supply, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) expects an steady growth of the total agricultural product consumption of 1.1 % per year until 2050 2. The global energy demand is estimated to grow even faster, by 48 % between 2012 and 2040 (Figure 1.1, above); fossil fuels being the major contributor providing over 78 % of the demand 3. The same trend is observed for the bulk chemicals, of which organic chemicals account for 4 CHAPTER 1

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Section: Liquid-phase or Steam Reforming Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous catalytic de-polymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin in water/formic acid media with Rh/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 as bifunctional catalysts

Bengoechea

Hertzberg

Miletić

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Additionally, the appearance of low molecular weight compounds may indicate that the lignin molecules are easily decomposed from the ends of the network, rather than by random decomposition. Lignin is known to be easily decomposed by active species such as radicals, [23] and the active species generated by the plasma must therefore be involved, either directly or indirectly, in the decomposition of lignin. The OH radical is recognized as a strong radical [36,37] and can thus decompose lignin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this method suggested by Abe et al is attractive, it is only applicable to limited types of ILs-only ILs that contain a hydroxide anion-because lignin decomposition has been confirmed only under strongly basic conditions. [23] Therefore, this method is not applicable to most types of ILs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Dissolution of Biomass in Ionic Liquids by Irradiation of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

et al. 2017

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Biomass was dissolved in ionic liquids under non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma irradiation. On plasma irradiation, the amount of dissolved biomass in the ionic liquids increased from 15 to 29 mg for bagasse and from 26 to 36 mg for Japanese cedar. The high solubility is attributed to the deconstruction of the lignin network by active chemical species generated by the plasma. Selective extraction of cellulose from biomass was observed under the plasma irradiation.

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“…Metal-free organometallic systems that are composed of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-radical, NaBr, and NaClO were used for the lignin oxidation [314][315][316][317]. Alkaline media (NaOH, KOH, and Na 2 CO 3 ) exhibit remarkable activity for lignin hydrolysis and in lignin oxidation reactions [317,318]. The oxidation of Kraft lignin in the presence of an acidic medium was reported for the production of vanillin [319].…”

Section: Lignin As Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Chemicals from Renewable Biomass for Integrated Biorefineries

2019

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The production of chemicals from biomass, a renewable feedstock, is highly desirable in replacing petrochemicals to make biorefineries more economical. The best approach to compete with fossil-based refineries is the upgradation of biomass in integrated biorefineries. The integrated biorefineries employed various biomass feedstocks and conversion technologies to produce biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Bio-based chemicals can help to replace a large fraction of industrial chemicals and materials from fossil resources. Biomass-derived chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), levulinic acid, furfurals, sugar alcohols, lactic acid, succinic acid, and phenols, are considered platform chemicals. These platform chemicals can be further used for the production of a variety of important chemicals on an industrial scale. However, current industrial production relies on relatively old and inefficient strategies and low production yields, which have decreased their competitiveness with fossil-based alternatives. The aim of the presented review is to provide a survey of past and current strategies used to achieve a sustainable conversion of biomass to platform chemicals. This review provides an overview of the chemicals obtained, based on the major components of lignocellulosic biomass, sugars, and lignin. First, important platform chemicals derived from the catalytic conversion of biomass were outlined. Later, the targeted chemicals that can be potentially manufactured from the starting or platform materials were discussed in detail. Despite significant advances, however, low yields, complex multistep synthesis processes, difficulties in purification, high costs, and the deactivation of catalysts are still hurdles for large-scale competitive biorefineries. These challenges could be overcome by single-step catalytic conversions using highly efficient and selective catalysts and exploring purification and separation technologies.

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Breakdown of lignins, lignin model compounds, and hydroxy-aromatics, to C1 and C2 chemicals via metal-free oxidation with peroxide or persulfate under mild conditions

Abstract: The aromatic components of lignin model compounds and lignins are degraded in basic, aqueous solutions using H2O2 or K2S2O8, even at ambient temperatures, to mainly MeOH, formate, carbonate, and oxalate.

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Simultaneous catalytic de-polymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin in water/formic acid media with Rh/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 as bifunctional catalysts

Simultaneous catalytic de-polymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin in water/formic acid media with Rh/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 as bifunctional catalysts

Effective Dissolution of Biomass in Ionic Liquids by Irradiation of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Bio-Based Chemicals from Renewable Biomass for Integrated Biorefineries

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