Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol: Developments so far and Challenges for the Future

Galdos, Marcelo Valadares; Scarpare, Fábio Vale; Leal, M. de L. da S.; Seabra, Joaquim E. A.; Cunha, Marcelo Pereira da; Picoli, Michelle Cristina Araújo; Oliveira, Carlos Yure B.

doi:10.1002/9781118957844.ch24

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Porém, a produtividade dos canaviais tem decrescido desde 2008 por diversos fatores como clima, manejo inadequado e dificuldades financeiras do setor (WALTER et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Uso De Imagens Do Sensor Modis Para Identificação Da Seca Na Cana-De-Açúcar Através De Índices Espectrais

Duft¹,

Picoli²

2018

RSA

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Resumo -A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande importância econômica para o mundo, principalmente para o Brasil, onde representa 15% do PIB agrícola. Com as mudanças climáticas globais, alguns fenômenos extremos tendem a acontecer com mais frequência, entre eles, a seca que tem castigado várias culturas agrícolas. Apesar de ser uma planta resistente a seca, a ocorrência causa déficits de produtividade na cana-de-açúcar, causando enormes prejuízos aos produtores e um desequilíbrio no mercado de açúcar e combustíveis. Para monitorar eventos de seca diversos índices e métodos, baseados em dados climáticos ou em imagens espectrais, foram criados, porém nenhum deles é específico para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar. O trabalho testou alguns índices espectrais do sensor MODIS capazes de monitorar de eventos de seca para a cana-de-açúcar. Esta avaliação foi realizada em duas etapas: uma temporal e uma espacial. Os índices espectrais foram comparados com o SPI calculado para 1 e 3 meses. Foi observado que os índices espectrais que melhor monitoram eventos de seca na cana de açúcar são o GVMI, NDWI e SRWI. Índices espectrais que não tiveram correlação com eventos de seca foram: o MSI e NDI7.Palavras-chave -Imagem de satélite. SPI. Análise espacial.Abstract -Sugarcane has great economic importance to the world, especially to Brazil, where it represents 15% of agricultural GDP. The global climate change makes some extreme phenomena tend to happen more often, among them, the drought that has punished several agricultural crops. Despite being a drought resistant plant, the occurrence causes productivity deficits in sugarcane, causing huge losses to producers and an imbalance in the sugar and fuels market. To monitor drought events, several indices and methods, based on climatic data or spectral images, were created, but none of them are specific to the sugarcane crop. The paper tested some indexes of MODIS sensor, able to monitor drought events in sugarcane. This evaluation was carried out in two stages: time and space. The spectral indices were compared with the SPI calculated for 1 and 3 months. It has been observed that the best spectral indexes to sugarcane are GVMI, NDWI and SRWI. Spectral indexes that did not correlate with drought events: MSI and NDI7.

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“…Porém, a produtividade dos canaviais tem decrescido desde 2008 por diversos fatores como clima, manejo inadequado e dificuldades financeiras do setor (WALTER et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Uso De Imagens Do Sensor Modis Para Identificação Da Seca Na Cana-De-Açúcar Através De Índices Espectrais

Duft¹,

Picoli²

2018

RSA

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“…This vinasse is now managed as a soil nutrient source, and its application has been optimized within environmental control limits [21]. Hydrated bioethanol can be stored as final product or may be sent to the dehydration process, as it is an azeotropic mixture and its components cannot be separated by distillation only.…”

Section: Sugarcane Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprocesses for biofuels: an overview of the Brazilian case

Damaso

Machado

Rodrigues

et al. 2014

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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Renewables are 46% in the Brazilian energy matrix, while the world scenario differs from this context to use only 13% of these resources. The biomass conversion using bioprocess has great potential to be applied in Brazil due to its large agroindustry which can produce a variety of feedstocks and byproducts that can be converted into biofuels and chemicals. The production of first-generation ethanol using sugarcane is a conventional technology in Brazil. This ethanol is the most competitive in the world, and Brazilian production reached 23.64 billion L in 2012/2013 season. Sugarcane bagasse generated from ethanol production and other biomasses obtained from forest and wood industries, crop residues, and grasses can be deconstructed to obtain sugars. These sugars may be bioconverted into second-generation ethanol and chemicals. Biodiesel is another biofuel that has been produced in Brazil. Although the commercial route to obtain biodiesel uses chemical conversion, there are researches investigating the biochemical route. Furthermore, some topics about microalgae use for biofuels are introduced. Therefore, this paper has the aim to present bioprocesses used in bioenergy production and the Brazilian overview on the conventional technology of first-generation sugarcane ethanol production. Moreover, bench studies and demonstration facilities that have been developed in the country regarding the advanced technologies are presented.

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“…Considering the Brazilian sugarcane sector is starting a new period of growth after five years' stagnation (and/or depression) (Figure 1), one may suggest that specific attention in needed to improve crop production prioritizing among others the following research gaps: (i) breeding programs focusing on the expanding areas in the Cerrado should be reinforced, as well as focusing new varieties for reducing inter-row spacing and improving crop tillering; (ii) the transition to the mechanized harvest remains to be accomplished, as the yield decline observed in the last few years (Figure 1) is in part due to mechanical damage on the crop ratoons and soil compaction due to intense machinery-trafficking in fields; (iii) the trash blanket is still demanding significant adjustments in agronomic management ranging from irrigation, cultivar selection, and fertilizer application (Walter et al, 2014); (iv) the development and improvement of available systems for mechanical no-till planting are also considered a breakthrough for reducing costs and improving soil quality; and (v) development and improvement of planning, management, prediction, and control tools for increasing input use efficiency and reducing costs for agricultural production. While the outlook for Brazil's sugarcane industry appears positive, it will be strongly influenced by the extent to which science and transfer of research knowledge can be successfully translated into practical change and improvement at the farm scale.…”

Section: Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knox et al, 2010;Singels et al, 2013). Considering the availability of water resources, Brazil is lucky to be privileged with plentiful surface and groundwater (Walter et al, 2014); at present only about 1% of the total cane area is currently irrigated, in contrast with other major producing countries (Carr and Knox, 2011). However, although sugarcane production has more than doubled from 2000 to 2013, most (88%) of this increase came from the expansion of the sugarcane production area, since the rate of sugarcane yield gain in Brazil has been relatively low, with only 12% being attributable to yield increase.…”

Section: Future Prospects and Industry Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been produced in Brazil since the early 20th century but was firmly established in the late 1970s by the National Bioethanol Program (PROALCOOL) in which the Brazilian Federal Government mandated the mixture of anhydrous BE in gasoline (blends up to 25%) and encouraged car makers to produce engines running on pure hydrated ethanol (100%) (Walter et al, 2014). The Brazilian adoption of mandatory regulations to determine the amount of BE to be mixed with gasoline was essential to the success of the program.…”

Section: Brief Historical Perspective and Biofuel Market Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding sugarcane production, biofuels, and market volatility in Brazil—A research perspective

Marin

2016

Outlook Agric

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Sugar has been a key product for Brazilian politics and its economy since the early colony times (Canabrava, 2005). Brazil is currently responsible for nearly a quarter (23%) of the world's sugar production and 50% of exports. In 2013-2014, approximately 9 million hectares of sugarcane were cropped, producing 659 million tons (Mt) of harvested cane, 38 Mt of sugar, and nearly 28 billion liters of bioethanol (BE) (CONAB, 2014). The average farm yield has been increasing gradually, reaching 80 tons ha À1 but has since decreased by around 12% after 2010 (Figure 1). After soybean and corn, sugarcane is the third most important crop in Brazil in terms of land use. Indeed, Brazil is the second largest BE producer after the United States, which mostly produces maize ethanol, and the two countries collectively account for nearly 90% of the global BE production. The main state producer is Sao Paulo, but a rapid expansion in the central region (Cerrado) of Brazil has also been witnessed over the last decade.

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Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol: Developments so far and Challenges for the Future

Cited by 17 publications

References 88 publications

Uso De Imagens Do Sensor Modis Para Identificação Da Seca Na Cana-De-Açúcar Através De Índices Espectrais

Uso De Imagens Do Sensor Modis Para Identificação Da Seca Na Cana-De-Açúcar Através De Índices Espectrais

Bioprocesses for biofuels: an overview of the Brazilian case

Understanding sugarcane production, biofuels, and market volatility in Brazil—A research perspective

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