Brazilian guidelines on the frequency of ophthalmic assessment and recommended examinations in healthy children younger than 5 years

Rossetto, Julia D.; Höpker, Luisa Moreira; Carvalho, Luis Eduardo Morato Rebouças de; Vadas, Marcelo Gaal; Zin, Andréa; Mendonça, Tomás Scalamandré; Solé, Dírceu; Silva, Luciana Rodrígues; Rolim-de-Moura, Christiane; Sá, Luis Carlos Ferreira de; Ejzenbaum, Fábio

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20210093

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“…The family member should be guided to immediately notify any of these signs to their pediatrician, who will be responsible for making the referral to the ophthalmologist. It is also important to emphasize the frequency of consultations with the ophthalmologist indicated by various medical societies of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics ( 44 ), which includes: red reflex test, blink assessment, and pupillary reflex in the newborn; second screening with the same tests between 6 and 12 months, checking for eye alignment and eye movements; photographic evaluation of the eyes between 12 and 36 months; assessment of visual acuity and eye alignment between 3 and 5 years; and annual visual acuity and eye alignment at 5 years or older. Finally, continuous public health programs in daycare centers and schools with eye screening services for children up to 5 years of age can also help in the early detection of the tumor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of retinoblastoma in children and adolescents in Brazil: A population-based study

Barbosa

Magalhães-Barbosa²,

Moreira³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of retinoblastoma in children and adolescents in Brazil based on Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR), describing temporal trends and some quality indicators of this registry.MethodsBased on secondary data from the PBCR of the National Institute of Cancer (INCA) (2000–2018), by selecting the morphological code of retinoblastoma, the annual incidences per million (0–19 years of age) in each local PBCR were estimated by sex and age group, global combined and by region, in addition to the percentage of diagnosis only by death certificate (DC) or not informed (NI), and the male/female ratio (M/F). An annual incidence trend in the five Brazilian geographic regions was also analyzed using the inflection point regression technique.Results675 patients were identified in 28 PBCR, 91% between 0 and 4 years of age. The overall combined incidence per million by age group was: 7.02 (0–4 years old), ranging from 5.25 in the Midwest to 11.26 in the Northeast; 0.46 (5–9 years old); 0.05 (10–14 years old) and 0.03 (15–19 years old). The combined incidence per million, adjusted for the world population, was 2.23 (0–14 years old) and 2.24 (0–19 years old). The DC and NI percentages were 13% and 18%, respectively; the M/F ratio was 1.3. The incidence remained stable throughout the study period, except for the city of São Paulo, where there was a significant reduction of 3.4% per year.ConclusionsIn Brazil, except for the Northeast region, the incidences of retinoblastoma were lower than those reported in several countries worldwide, suggesting possible underreporting, and the time series analysis showed a stable trend. Although this pioneering study brings a recent panel of available data on retinoblastoma in Brazil, more precise estimates are needed and welcome for better planning of onco-ophthalmologic care in the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%