Brazilian grid-connected photovoltaic inverters standards: A comparison with IEC and IEEE

Figueira, Henrique Horst; Hey, H.L.; Schuch, Luciano; Rech, Cassiano; Michels, Leandro

doi:10.1109/isie.2015.7281626

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The design of the inductive filter L f is performed to keep the grid current harmonic content at high frequencies under the limits established by grid connection standards [35]. Generally, if the most significant current harmonic component around the switching frequency is under the limits, then its multiple harmonic components will also be within these limits.…”

Section: Comparative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Vector Modulation Techniques for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Three-Phase Transformerless Split-Source Inverters

Chaves¹,

Grigoletto²

2020

Revista Eletrônica de Potência

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Photovoltaic (PV) systems with low input voltage usually employ an input boost converter and an output inverter. Regarding to this issue, the split-source inverter (SSI) provides a single power conversion stage which aggregates boost capability with low switch count. On the other hand, conventional modulation strategies applied to the grid-connected SSI can result in large highfrequency common-mode voltage (CMV). Depending on the parasitic path, the CMV synthesized by the inverter can give rise to large leakage current which must be limited for security reasons. This paper proposes two space vector modulation (SVM) strategies to provide the reduction of high-frequency CMV in transformerles SSI. The first strategy is based on the selection of specific voltage vectors whereas the second strategy employs virtual vectors which correspond to the combination of existing voltage vectors. Furthermore, it is performed an analysis in terms of CMV, leakage current, total harmonic distortion of lineto-line voltages and the maximum achievable modulation index. In addition, a comparison with existing techniques is presented to demonstrate the features of the proposed strategies. Finally, simulations and hardware-in-theloop results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed techniques.

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Section: Comparative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Vector Modulation Techniques for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Three-Phase Transformerless Split-Source Inverters

Chaves¹,

Grigoletto²

2020

Revista Eletrônica de Potência

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“…Besides, other locally ruled codes from DSOs may be demanded. Studies such as [36]- [39] have taken into consideration the main differences among those international regulations for most of their aspects; therefore, herein, just a few contrasts related to the local perspective are risen up.…”

Section: A Codes For Invertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inverters must detect an island within a certain time and disconnect from the grid or standby not injecting power. Since the anti-islanding conditions in [25] present no innovation in relation to the well-known IEC code, which has been previously compared in other works [36], [37], [39], substantial changes are not observed for the scope of the Brazilian scenario herein mentioned.…”

Section: A Codes For Invertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Constraints on Brazilian Photovoltaic Industry: Energy Policies, Interconnection Codes, and Equipment Certification

Marafão¹,

Alonso²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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After years of dormant scenarios, the Brazilian industry of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems is now growing fast. Therefore, improving interconnection and certification codes, as well as standards, has become undeniably important to establish a well-regulated market under concern of businesses, equipment, and power quality matters. Thus, considering international standards and world-recognized scenarios for distributed PV systems, this paper aims to discuss the existing local energy regulations, grid connection codes, and other related limitations that restrain a faster market and technology development in Brazil. Special attention is given to the certification requirements for grid-connected inverters and other PV equipment, along with the new trends in energy policies, focusing on their impacts on Brazilian PV industry. In the end, it demonstrates that despite its current underdeveloped status, the Brazilian scenario is expected to be quite enthusiastic in the following years and may represent an attractive and dynamic market for professionals, companies, and energy investors.

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“…Os requisitos de compatibilidade com a rede são válidos para os modos grid-tie [40] e retificador, nos quais o conversor controla a corrente injetada ou obtida da rede. Os principais requisitos de compatibilidade com a rede são: 1) Distorção harmônica e limites de harmônicos da corrente [6], [41]- [43].…”

Section: Requisitos De Compatibilidade E Suporte à Redeunclassified

Conversores Fotovoltaicos Multifuncionais - Classificação e Requisitos de Compatibilidade com a Rede e com as Cargas

Bellinaso¹,

Michels²

2016

Revista Eletrônica de Potência

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Resumo - MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERTERS -CLASSIFICATION AND REQUIREMENTS FOR GRID AND LOAD COMPATIBILITYAbstract -Multifuncional photovoltaic converters, commercially known as hybrid inverters, can feed energy to the grid and have energy storage to feed loads when the grid is absence. Thus, they unite features of grid-tie photovoltaic inverters and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). This study proposes classifications for these converters and requirements related to the grid and loads. The converters are classified in accordance to UPS configurations of IEC 62040-3 and interruption time during transfers. In the following, general requirements that can be applied to multifunctional photovoltaic converters are listed. Possible grid and load compatibility requirements are analyzed in detail, considering standards NBR 16149, PRODIST and IEC 62040-3. Conflicts were found between these standards, and some solutions are proposed. Recentemente, conversores fotovoltaicos multifuncionais que reúnem características de ambos os inversores grid-tie e off-grid têm sido estudados [10]- [16]. Esses conversores são denominados híbridos por apresentarem uma ou mais fontes de energia além da fotovoltaica [17]. Operam em três modos relacionados à conexão com a rede e alimentação de cargas [14]: i) modo grid-tie, em que fornece potência à rede elétrica como inversor conectado à rede convencional; ii) modo retificador, em que funciona conectado à rede como retificador para carregar baterias pela rede elétrica; e iii) modo off-grid, em que fornece tensão a cargas prioritárias na ausência da rede elétrica. Nesse modo de operação, baterias ou outra fonte ininterrupta é necessária caso a carga não tolere geração fotovoltaica intermitente. Devido a esses três modos, esses conversores podem ser mais bem caracterizados não como a união de inversores conectados à rede e autônomos, mas sim como a união de inversores conectados à rede e fontes ininterruptas de energia (UPSUninterruptible Power Supply), conhecidas popularmente no Brasil como no-breaks.Por ser uma tecnologia recente, normas específicas definindo os requisitos técnicos necessários a esses conversores multifuncionais ainda não foram desenvolvidas. Entretanto, normas relativas a inversores conectados à rede e UPS podem ser consideradas. Atualmente, destacam-se as normas NBR 16149, NBR IEC 62116 e IEC 62109, relativas a inversores conectados à rede, e as normas NBR 15204 [18] e da série IEC 62040, relativas a UPS [19].

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Brazilian grid-connected photovoltaic inverters standards: A comparison with IEC and IEEE

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Space Vector Modulation Techniques for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Three-Phase Transformerless Split-Source Inverters

Space Vector Modulation Techniques for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Three-Phase Transformerless Split-Source Inverters

Trends and Constraints on Brazilian Photovoltaic Industry: Energy Policies, Interconnection Codes, and Equipment Certification

Conversores Fotovoltaicos Multifuncionais - Classificação e Requisitos de Compatibilidade com a Rede e com as Cargas

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