Brazilian dietary patterns and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet-relationship with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed diabetes in the ELSA-Brasil study

Abstract

BackgroundStudies evaluating dietary patterns, including the DASH diet, and their relationship with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes may help to understand the role of dairy products (low fat or full fat) in these conditions. Our aim is to identify dietary patterns in Brazilian adults and compare them with the (DASH) diet quality score in terms of their associations with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed diabetes in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-the ELSA-Brasil study.MethodsThe ELSA-Brasil is a multicenter cohort study comprising 15,105 civil servants, aged 35–74 years at baseline (2008–2010). Standardized interviews and exams were carried out, including an OGTT. We analyzed baseline data for 10,010 subjects. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis. Multivariable logistic regression investigated associations of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed diabetes and multivariable linear regression with components of metabolic syndrome.ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, we observed that greater adherence to the Common Brazilian meal pattern (white rice, beans, beer, processed and fresh meats), was associated with higher frequencies of newly diagnosed diabetes, metabolic syndrome and all of its components, except HDL-C. Participants with greater intake of a Common Brazilian fast foods/full fat dairy/milk based desserts pattern presented less newly diagnosed diabetes. An inverse association was also seen between the DASH Diet pattern and the metabolic syndrome, blood pressure and waist circumference. Diet, light foods and beverages/low fat dairy pattern was associated with more prevalence of both outcomes, and higher fasting glucose, HDL-C, waist circumference (among men) and lower blood pressure. Vegetables/fruit dietary pattern did not protect against metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed diabetes but was associated with lower waist circumference.ConclusionsThe inverse associations found for the dietary pattern characterizing Brazilian fast foods and desserts, typically containing dairy products, with newly diagnosed diabetes, and for the DASH diet with metabolic syndrome, support previously demonstrated beneficial effects of dairy products in metabolism. The positive association with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed diabetes found for the pattern characterizing a typical Brazilian meal deserves further investigation, particularly since it is frequently accompanied by processed meat. Trial registration NCT02320461. Registered 18 December 2014Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13098-017-0211-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A Calorie-Restricted DASH Diet Reduces Body Fat and Maintains Muscle Strength in Obese Older Adults

“…Older adults who maintain a high-quality diet with adequate protein intake have reduced health abnormalities related to muscle and fat mass [6]. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern is a high-quality therapeutic diet known to improve health status in various diverse and at-risk populations resulting in improved heart health, maintained cognitive function, and reductions in metabolic diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [8][9][10][11][12]. The primary protein recommendations of the DASH diet are poultry and fish, and it is recommended to decrease red meats from the diet.…”

Early pregnancy body mass index modifies the association of pre‐pregnancy dietary patterns with serum polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations throughout pregnancy in Brazilian women

“…A recent report from a large cohort with a Brazilian sample of men and women showed that greater adherence to the common-Brazilian DP was associated with higher frequencies of newly diagnosed diabetes cases and other markers of metabolic syndrome (Drehmer et al, 2017). In this study, the common-Brazilian DP was composed of processed meats, in addition to white rice, beans, and fresh meat, which Longitudinal regression models between dietary patterns and relative serum concentrations of total n-6 PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratio of pregnant women followed at a public health centre in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2009 Total n-6 (% of total FA) n-6/n-3 ratio Early pregnancy BMI obtained at the study baseline (5th-13th gestational week)-the reference category was under or normal weight (early pregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ); overweight = early pregnancy BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2; obese = early pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 .…”

“…A recent report from a large cohort with a Brazilian sample of men and women showed that greater adherence to the common‐Brazilian DP was associated with higher frequencies of newly diagnosed diabetes cases and other markers of metabolic syndrome (Drehmer et al, ). In this study, the common‐Brazilian DP was composed of processed meats, in addition to white rice, beans, and fresh meat, which could explain the apparent contradictory results when compared to the health benefits we found following the common‐Brazilian pattern.…”

Metabolic syndrome in adolescents and its association with diet quality

“…Calcium from these foods promotes lipid oxidation and increased fecal fat excretion, and its peptides are associated with BP reduction. The dietary matrix of milk and dairy products (saturated fatty acids and minerals such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium) appears to decrease metabolic risk; however, the effects on MS are indeed controversial [48,54,55]. On the other hand, the second tertile of the group of milk and dairy products increased the risk of high blood glucose levels.…”