Brassinosteroids in Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress

Insights into 28-homobrassinolide (HBR)-mediated redox homeostasis, AsA–GSH cycle, and methylglyoxal detoxification in soybean under drought-induced oxidative stress

“…The enzymatic reactions are indistinguishably linked with phytohormones, which are essential for plant management under abiotic stress (Pacifici et al 2015). However, the harmful effects of several abiotic stressors, including drought stress, can be mitigated by using potential biostimulators such as brassinosteroids (BR S ); a well-known group of endogenous plant hormones that regulate abiotic stress tolerance in crops (Ahammed et al 2020b;Serna et al 2015). BRs play a vital role in cell elongation, cell differentiation, gene modulation, protein synthesis, photosynthesis, antioxidant and glyoxalase systems (Talaat and Shawky 2013;Li et al 2017;Ahammed et al 2020b).…”

“…However, the harmful effects of several abiotic stressors, including drought stress, can be mitigated by using potential biostimulators such as brassinosteroids (BR S ); a well-known group of endogenous plant hormones that regulate abiotic stress tolerance in crops (Ahammed et al 2020b;Serna et al 2015). BRs play a vital role in cell elongation, cell differentiation, gene modulation, protein synthesis, photosynthesis, antioxidant and glyoxalase systems (Talaat and Shawky 2013;Li et al 2017;Ahammed et al 2020b). In addition, BRs have a critical role in flower and fruit development, leaf senescence, and abscission (Clouse 2003;Müssig 2005).…”

Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants: Role of Phytohormones

“…Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important class of plant steroid-based phytohormone that plays multiple roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses [7,8,50,51,[61][62][63][64]. 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) are the two isomers of BRs which regulate an array of plant physiological processes [65,66].…”

“…The signal perception of ET takes place at the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and is bacterial two-component type which initiates a cascade signaling events through transcriptional regulation in the nucleus, thus eventually controlling a myriad of plant developmental events. Meanwhile, the interplay of ET with other signaling molecules provides adaptation to plants under various abiotic pressures [7,8,[82][83][84][85][86][87][88]. Now, we will focus our attention on various reports on the functions of ET on tolerance toward major abiotic stresses in crop plants.…”

“…Myriads of anthropogenic emissions in the developmental era have further intensified the abiotic stress-induced negative impacts on agricultural productivity. The major abiotic stresses such as metals/metalloids (hereafter termed as "metal/s"), salt, ozone, UV-B radiation, temperature extremes, nutrient (deficiency and excess), flooding, and water deficit are jeopardizing the agriculture system worldwide [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These abiotic stresses can modulate almost all plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes starting from the seedling to maturity stage and can ultimately cause severe negative impacts on economic yield of various crop plants.…”