Brain Volume Loss, Astrocyte Reduction, and Inflammation in Anorexia Nervosa

Seitz, Jochen; Trinh, Stefanie; Kogel, Vanessa; Beyer, Cordian

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_12

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 193 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Changes are found on the hormonal level (Milos & Hebebrand 2019 ), as well as in an elevation of inflammatory signals (Specht et al 2022 ). Cognitive impairments (Berchio et al 2023 ; Seitz et al 2021 ) and psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive behaviours (Pruccoli et al 2023 ) can occur. In patients with AN, the brain volume decreases due to starvation (Bahnsen et al 2022 ; Seitz et al 2018 ; Walton et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversibility of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers During Long-Term Glucose Starvation in Astrocytes

Voelz,

Schaack,

Kogel

et al. 2024

J Mol Neurosci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies have demonstrated a brain volume decrease linked to long-term starvation in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Food intake is critically diminished in this disorder, leading to one of the highest mortality rates within the psychiatric disease spectrum. As reported in animal models, astrocytes seem to be the most affected cell type in AN. In a recently established primary cell culture model, an elevated unfolded protein response (UPR) was observed in long-term glucose semi-starved astrocytes. A well-functioning protein machinery is essential for every cell, and prolonged UPR will lead to cell death. As a nucleic acid stress-sensing pathway with the activator located in the endoplasmic reticulum, the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes) was additionally investigated in the starvation context. In the current study, a glucose semi-starvation protocol of 15 days, during which cells were supplied with 2 mM glucose in the medium, was prolonged with an additional 6-day long recovery period. Our findings showed that increased UPR mRNA expression was reversible after re-establishing the standard glucose concentration of 25 mM. Furthermore, we were able to verify the presence of cGAS and STING in astrocytes with a characteristic presence of cGAS in the astrocyte nucleus during starvation. A correlation between STING and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) could be established, hinting at a conditional presence of STING with a specific astrocyte phenotype. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversibility of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers During Long-Term Glucose Starvation in Astrocytes

Voelz,

Schaack,

Kogel

et al. 2024

J Mol Neurosci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The release of soluble inflammatory mediators and the mobilization of immune cells can also be stimulated by adequate psychological stressors. 12 Both functional and structural brain alterations 13 such as brain volume loss, astrocyte reduction, and inflammation 14 are commonly related to AN. We have a lot of evidence of how the IS, along with neurochemical and hormonal responses, can significantly influence central nervous system (CNS) stress circuitry, especially through inflammation molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia nervosa and autoimmune comorbidities: A bidirectional route?

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immunological dysfunctions in eating disorders have recently gained increasing scientific attention. Furthermore, the reciprocal association between anorexia and autoimmune diseases is of particular interest and suggests a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autoimmune diseases are linked by a bidirectional relationship based on common immunopathological mechanisms. In this review, in addition to reporting the numerous cases described in which autoimmune disorders are associated with anorexia or vice versa, we summarize the many aspects of this relationship between the immune system (IS) and AN. We describe how the microbiota affects the IS, disrupts gut‐brain communication, and possibly triggers eating disorders. We also describe the shared immunological pathways of autoimmune and eating disorders and in particular the occurrence of disrupted T cell tolerance and autoantibodies in AN. The described observations represent the starting point for possible, future research directions.

show abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders

Verkhratsky

Butt

2023

Neuroglia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brain Volume Loss, Astrocyte Reduction, and Inflammation in Anorexia Nervosa

Cited by 6 publications

References 193 publications

Reversibility of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers During Long-Term Glucose Starvation in Astrocytes

Reversibility of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers During Long-Term Glucose Starvation in Astrocytes

Anorexia nervosa and autoimmune comorbidities: A bidirectional route?

Neuropsychiatric disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About