Brain Structure and Obesity

Ho, AJ; Raji, CA; Parikshak, NN; Becker, J. T.; Lopez, OL; Lh, Kuller; Hou, Xue; Leow, A.D.; Toga, A.W.; Thompson, P.M.

doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70976-0

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…This is primarily due to the extensive overlap in anatomical parameters between men and women. Another crucial aspect is the demonstrated influence of various factors on brain anatomy, such as nutrition, obesity, diet, cultural factors, historical experiences of famine, age, educational background, cardiovascular risk factors, and skill level (Minagar et al, 2000;Münte et al, 2002;Birns et al, 2008;Hedden et al, 2008;Jäncke, 2009;Lupien et al, 2009;Mungas et al, 2009;Weiner et al, 2009;Ho et al, 2010;May, 2011;Braskie et al, 2014;Raji et al, 2014Raji et al, , 2016De Rooij et al, 2016;Beyer et al, 2017;Kharabian Masouleh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology

Lafta,

Mwinyi,

Affatato

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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Increased knowledge about sex differences is important for development of individualized treatments against many diseases as well as understanding behavioral and pathological differences. This review summarizes sex chromosome effects on gene expression, epigenetics, and hormones in relation to the brain. We explore neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and brain pathology aiming to explain the current state of the art. While some domains exhibit strong differences, others reveal subtle differences whose overall significance warrants clarification. We hope that the current review increases awareness and serves as a basis for the planning of future studies that consider both sexes equally regarding similarities and differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology

Lafta,

Mwinyi,

Affatato

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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“…In addition to BMI, studies have also revealed a potential relationship between hippocampal volume, waist-to-hip ratio, and visceral obesity, with waist-to-hip ratio being positively associated with high white matter signal intensity ( 21 , 22 ). Obesity in older adults may result in reduced metabolic activity in the frontal lobe and anterior cingulate gyrus, as well as shrinkage of the hippocampus and thalamus, impacting cognitive functions ( 23 – 28 ). A meta-analysis conducted by Tang et al ( 7 ), which included 21 studies and 2,060,687 participants, found that high WC is a risk factor for developing cognitive impairments, underscoring the role of central obesity in cognitive decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and cognitive decline in US elderly participants

Li,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and cognitive decline in elderly Americans from 2011 to 2014.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,762 elderly participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference (cm) by the square root of body weight (kg). Participants assessed their cognitive functions using tests such as the DSST, AFT, and CERAD W-L. In this research, multiple logistic regression, HIA, limited cubic spline (RCS), and threshold effect analysis methods were utilized to explore the relationship between cognitive decline and WWI.ResultsThe study involved 2,762 participants aged 60 years and older, comprising 1,353 males (49%) and 1,409 females (51%), with a median age of 69.3 years (standard deviation = 6.7). The analysis revealed that the risk of cognitive decline was positively associated with the WWI. Fully adjusted models indicated significant correlations with the CERAD W-L [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.46, p < 0.008], AFT (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.08–1.49, p = 0.003), and DSST (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.29–1.9, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a consistent relationship across different population settings except for gender (average of interactions, p > 0.05). A J-shaped relationship between WWI and low DSST scores was observed using multivariate restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression (P for non-linearity <0.05), with the curve steepening when WWI ≥ 12.21 cm/√kg. Additionally, the study found that WWI was more strongly associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline than other obesity indicators such as Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI).ConclusionOur data have shown a significant positive association between the WWI and a higher risk of cognitive decline in older Americans, with a J-shaped non-linear relationship between WWI and DSST. In addition, our findings indicate that WWI was associated with greater cognitive decline than other markers of obesity.

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“…21 Brain atrophy was associated with obesity in demented cases also. Ho et al 22 confirmed that, in both Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment cases, higher BMI was associated with brain volume deficits in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Furthermore, in the multicenter study Ewers et al 23 tested whether lower BMI is associated with higher core AD brain pathology as assessed by cerebrospinal fluid-based biological markers of AD.…”

Section: Nutritional Status and Risk Of Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of the influence of metabolic processes and body composition on cognitive functions: Nutrition and Dementia Project (NutrDem Project)

2014

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The global increase in the prevalence of dementia and its associated comorbidities and consequences has stimulated intensive research focused on better understanding of the basic mechanisms and the possibilities to prevent and/or treat cognitive decline or dementia. The etiology of cognitive decline and dementia is very complex and is based upon the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. A growing body of epidemiological evidence has suggested that metabolic syndrome and its components may be important in the development of cognitive decline. Furthermore, an abnormal body mass index in middle age has been considered as a predictor for the development of dementia. The Nutrition and Dementia Project (NutrDem Project) was started at the Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders with close cooperation with Department of Medical Psychology. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary patterns, nutritional status, body composition (with evaluation of visceral fat) and basic regulatory mechanisms of metabolism in elderly patients on cognitive functions and the risk of cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and/or dementia).

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Brain Structure and Obesity

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology

Exploring sex differences: insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology

Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and cognitive decline in US elderly participants

Evaluation of the influence of metabolic processes and body composition on cognitive functions: Nutrition and Dementia Project (NutrDem Project)

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