Brain Structure and Function Correlates of General and Social Cognition

Rowe, Donald L.; Cooper, Nicholas; Liddell, Belinda J.; Clark, C. Richard; Gordon, Evian; Williams, Leanne M.

doi:10.1142/s021963520700143x

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…The IntegNeuro battery has sound psychometric properties in terms of reliability, validity, cross-cultural consistency, and age, sex and education norms. [67][68][69] Core cognitive domains were established previously using factor analytic techniques: information processing speed, verbal memory, response speed (sensori-motorfunction), sustained attention, working memory, verbal processing and executive function 70 (see Supplementary Table 3 for details of factor loadings and cognitive measures defining each domain). Factor scores were inverted (where necessary) such that a high score reflected superior performance (that is, fewer errors and faster reaction time).…”

Section: Syndromal Depression and Anxiety Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and early life stress predict brain and arousal pathways to syndromal depression and anxiety

et al. 2009

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The Brain Resource International Database and Brain Resource, Sydney, NSW, Australia and San Francisco, CA, USA Individual risk markers for depression and anxiety disorders have been identified but the explicit pathways that link genes and environment to these markers remain unknown. Here we examined the explicit interactions between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met gene and early life stress (ELS) exposure in brain (amygdala-hippocampalprefrontal gray matter volume), body (heart rate), temperament and cognition in 374 healthy European volunteers assessed for depression and anxiety symptoms. Brain imaging data were based on a subset of 89 participants. Multiple regression analysis revealed main effects of ELS for body arousal (resting heart rate, P = 0.005) and symptoms (depression and anxiety, P < 0.001) in the absence of main effects for BDNF. In addition, significant BDNF-ELS interactions indicated that BDNF Met carriers exposed to greater ELS have smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes (P = 0.013), heart rate elevations (P = 0.0002) and a decline in working memory (P = 0.022). Structural equation path modeling was used to determine if this interaction predicts anxiety and depression by mediating effects on the brain, body and cognitive measures. The combination of Met carrier status and exposure to ELS predicted reduced gray matter in hippocampus (P < 0.001), and associated lateral prefrontal cortex (P < 0.001) and, in turn, higher depression (P = 0.005). Higher depression was associated with poorer working memory (P = 0.005), and slowed response speed. The BDNF Met-ELS interaction also predicted elevated neuroticism and higher depression and anxiety by elevations in body arousal (P < 0.001). In contrast, the combination of BDNF V/V genotype and ELS predicted increases in gray matter of the amygdala (P = 0.003) and associated medial prefrontal cortex (P < 0.001), which in turn predicted startle-elicited heart rate variability (P = 0.026) and higher anxiety (P = 0.026). Higher anxiety was linked to verbal memory, and to impulsivity. These effects were specific to the BDNF gene and were not evident for the related 5HTT-LPR polymorphism. Overall, these findings are consistent with the correlation of depression and anxiety, yet suggest that partially differentiated gene-brain cognition pathways to these syndromes can be identified, even in a nonclinical sample. Such findings may aid establishing an evidence base for more tailored intervention strategies.

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Section: Syndromal Depression and Anxiety Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and early life stress predict brain and arousal pathways to syndromal depression and anxiety

et al. 2009

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“…The BRISC comprises a self report measure capturing the attributional bias toward perceiving and expecting negative events and outcomes (Rowe et al, 2007;Williams et al, 2008). The construct of 'negativity bias' is consistent with definitions of social cognition in schizophrenia, which include an attributional bias toward negative information (e.g., Green et al, 2005).…”

Section: Self-report Measure Of 'Negativity Bias'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the timescale of self regulation, the 'negativity bias' toward perceiving and expecting negative events may be captured via self report (Rowe et al, 2007;Gordon et al, 2008). Negativity bias functions as a phenotype that also contributes to risk for psychopathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism effects on emotional brain function and negativity bias

et al. 2010

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“…This Negativity Bias measure has been developed using factor analytic techniques and normed across nine decades. [72,73] It has 84.9% sensitivity, 87.6% specificity, 70.7% positive predictive power, and 94.3% negative predictive power for identifying individuals with mental illness (Williams et al, In submission). Sensitivity is highest for depressive disorders.…”

Section: Negativity Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative biases and risk for depression; integrating self-report and emotion task markers

Watters

Williams

2011

Depress. Anxiety

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Brain Structure and Function Correlates of General and Social Cognition

Abstract: Recording measures from multiple modalities including MRI, EEG/ERP, social and general cognition within the same subject provides a method of brain profiling for use in cognitive-neurotherapy and pharmacological studies.

Cited by 37 publications

References 96 publications

Interactions between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and early life stress predict brain and arousal pathways to syndromal depression and anxiety

Interactions between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and early life stress predict brain and arousal pathways to syndromal depression and anxiety

COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism effects on emotional brain function and negativity bias

Negative biases and risk for depression; integrating self-report and emotion task markers

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