Brain Stem Mechanisms in the Control of Arterial Pressure

Dampney, R.A.L.

doi:10.3109/10641968109033672

Cited by 65 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bilateral inhibition of the RVLM causes a loss of baroreceptor reflexes (75, 126, 244). The RVLM also provides a major pathway through which vestibular signals are conveyed to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, as indicated by the observation that bilateral chemical lesions of the RVLM abolished VSR (328).…”

Section: Recovery Of Posturally-related Cardiovascular Responses Follmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibulo‐Sympathetic Responses

Yates

Bolton

Macefield

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

141

130

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Evidence accumulated over 30 years, from experiments on animals and human subjects, has conclusively demonstrated that inputs from the vestibular otolith organs contribute to the control of blood pressure during movement and changes in posture. This review considers the effects of gravity on the body axis, and the consequences of postural changes on blood distribution in the body. It then separately considers findings collected in experiments on animals and human subjects demonstrating that the vestibular system regulates blood distribution in the body during movement. Vestibulosympathetic reflexes differ from responses triggered by unloading of cardiovascular receptors such as baroreceptors and cardiopulmonary receptors, as they can be elicited before a change in blood distribution occurs in the body. Dissimilarities in the expression of vestibulosympathetic reflexes in humans and animals are also described. In particular, there is evidence from experiments in animals, but not humans, that vestibulosympathetic reflexes are patterned, and differ between body regions. Results from neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies in animals are discussed that identify the neurons that mediate vestibulosympathetic responses, which include cells in the caudal aspect of the vestibular nucleus complex, interneurons in the lateral medullary reticular formation, and bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Recent findings showing that cognition can modify the gain of vestibulosympathetic responses are also presented, and neural pathways that could mediate adaptive plasticity in the responses are proposed, including connections of the posterior cerebellar vermis with the vestibular nuclei and brainstem nuclei that regulate blood pressure.

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Section: Recovery Of Posturally-related Cardiovascular Responses Follmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibulo‐Sympathetic Responses

Yates

Bolton

Macefield

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

141

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In contrast, stimulation of these neurons by leptazol caused an increase in blood pressure (8). Subsequently, the anatomical location of the RVLM was defined first in the rabbit (9) and subsequently in the rat and cat (10,11). A more precise localization of the RVLM neurons was obtained by microinjecting amino acids (glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) directly into the ventrolateral medulla parenchyma.…”

Section: Rostral Ventrolateral Medullamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the caudal pressor area in the regulation of sympathetic vasomotor tone

Campos

Carillo

Oliveira‐Sales

et al. 2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

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It is well known that the ventrolateral medulla contains neurons involved in the tonic and reflex control of the cardiovascular system. Two regions within the ventrolateral medulla were initially identified: the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Activation of the RVLM raises arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity, and activation of the CVLM causes opposite effects. The RVLM premotor neurons project directly to sympathetic preganglionic neurons and are involved in the maintenance of resting sympathetic vasomotor tone. A significant proportion of tonic activity in the RVLM sympathetic premotor neurons is driven by neurons located in a third region of the ventrolateral medulla denominated caudal pressor area (CPA). The CPA is a pressor region located at the extreme caudal part of the ventrolateral medulla that appears to have an important role controlling the activity of RVLM neurons. In this brief review, we will address the importance of the ventrolateral medulla neurons for the generation of resting sympathetic tone related to arterial blood pressure control focusing on two regions, the RVLM and the CPA.

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“…It is well established from experimental animal investigations that the rostral ventrolateral medulla contains premotor neurons that project directly to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord [54] and is essential for maintaining resting levels of sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive and arterial pressure [55,56]. In addition, there is experimental animal evidence that other brainstem regions including the medullary raphe and dorsolateral pons can alter MSNA via projections to the rostral ventrolateral medulla or directly to the intermediolateral cell column [57,58].…”

Section: Msna-related Functional Changes and Structural Changes In Brmentioning

confidence: 98%

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Hypertension: the Role of the Central Nervous System

Henderson

Macefield

2016

Curr Hypertens Rep

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Recent human brain imaging investigations and, in particular, combined microneurography recording of resting sympathetic activity with high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging have provided some important insights into changes in brain function and anatomy associated with resting sympathetic activity. Functional and anatomical changes occur in OSA, including in regions of the brainstem circuitry known to be responsible for setting resting sympathetic activity. Furthermore, these changes are reversed following continuous positive airway treatment in concert with reductions in resting sympathetic drive. These resent findings suggest that the central changes may contribute significantly to the hypertension associated with OSA.

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Brain Stem Mechanisms in the Control of Arterial Pressure

Cited by 65 publications

References 11 publications

Vestibulo‐Sympathetic Responses

Vestibulo‐Sympathetic Responses

Role of the caudal pressor area in the regulation of sympathetic vasomotor tone

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Hypertension: the Role of the Central Nervous System

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