Brain/Skull Relative Displacement Magnitude Due to Blunt Head Impact: New Experimental Data and Model

In vivo pons motion within the skull

“…Parametric studies have demonstrated that brainskull boundary conditions over the cerebrum in FE models can strongly influence model predictions of local mechanical responses (Al-Bsharat et al, 1999;Bandak and Eppinger, 1994;Chu et al, 1994;DiMasi et al, 1991DiMasi et al, , 1995Lighthall et al, 1989;Miller et al, 1998;Ruan et al, 1994;Takhounts et al, 2003;Ueno et al, 1989Ueno et al, , 1995Zhang et al, 2001), but limited experimental data are available for validation. With no consensus, the brain-skull interface has been represented as tied (no brain-skull relative slip) or sliding (with or without friction, with or without brain-skull separation).…”

Head injury prediction capability of the HIC, HIP, SIMon and ULP criteria

“…Hence, new injury criteria are proposed. In the past few decades, more than ten different three-dimensional finite element head models (FEHM) have been reported in the literature by Ward et al (1980), Shugar (1977), Hosey and Liu (1980), Dimasi et al (1991), Mendis (1992), Ruan et al (1991), Bandak et al (1994), Zhou et al (1995), Al-Bsharat et al (1999), Willinger et al (1999) and Zhang et al (2001). Fully documented head impact cases can be simulated in order to compute mechanical loading sustained by brain tissue as well as other tissues in the surrounding areas and we compare it to the real injuries described in the medical reports.…”

Mechanical properties of brain tissue by indentation: Interregional variation

“…For example, in the rat head model of Mao et al (2006), gray matter was taken to be about 42 % stiffer than white matter, whereas in other studies (e.g. Miller et al, 1998;Al-Bsharat et al, 1999;Zhou et al, 1995) white matter was assumed to be the most stiff. Since a current trend in finite element modeling of the head is to include more and more anatomical details, such as different tissues, it is of great importance that interregional differences in mechanical properties are well understood.…”