Head injury prediction capability of the HIC, HIP, SIMon and ULP criteria

Marjoux, Daniel; Baumgartner, Daniel; Deck, Caroline; Willinger, Rémy

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2007.12.006

Cited by 189 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Accelerometers within the headform are used to record temporal accelerations and obtain impact characteristics including peak acceleration and impact duration [9,10]. Injury risk is typically quantified by assessing linear acceleration in combination with impact time, and relating to a severity index, such as the Head Impact Criterion (HIC) [11] and the Gadd Severity Index (GSI) [12]. GSI has been adopted in the protective equipment testing standards of the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) in the United States [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where A is the instantaneous resultant acceleration expressed as a multiple of gravity (g), dt is the time increment in seconds, and the integration bounds are from t 0 to t f , the impact duration (determined by threshold value >0 g) [10,11]. New helmets are subjected to 16 impacts (44 to 60 J) onto a fixed rigid surface in six orientations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Auxetic Foam in Sports Helmets

et al. 2018

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This investigation explored the viability of using open cell polyurethane auxetic foams to augment the conformable layer in a sports helmet and improve its linear impact acceleration attenuation. Foam types were compared by examining the impact severity on an instrumented anthropomorphic headform within a helmet consisting of three layers: a rigid shell, a stiff closed cell foam, and an open cell foam as a conformable layer. Auxetic and conventional foams were interchanged to act as the helmet's conformable component. Attenuation of linear acceleration was examined by dropping the combined helmet and headform on the front and the side. The helmet with auxetic foam reduced peak linear accelerations (p < 0.05) relative to its conventional counterpart at the highest impact energy in both orientations. Gadd Severity Index reduced by 11% for frontal impacts (38.9 J) and 44% for side impacts (24.3 J). The conformable layer within a helmet can influence the overall impact attenuating properties. The helmet fitted with auxetic foam can attenuate impact severity more than when fitted with conventional foam, and warrants further investigation for its potential to reduce the risk of traumatic brain injuries in sport specific impacts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Auxetic Foam in Sports Helmets

et al. 2018

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“…In contrast, suitably validated computational models have the potential to predict all of these parameters and thus hold significant promise in advancing health care (Taylor and Humphrey, 2009). In particular they are a powerful means for understanding the musculoskeletal system (Erdemir et al, 2007, Marjoux et al, 1998 and are therefore used in diverse applications from impact biomechanics (Muggenthaler et al, 2008, Ivancic et al, 2007 to rehabilitation engineering (Linder-Ganz et al, 2008, Linder-Ganz et al, 2007, surgical simulation (Lim andDe, 2007, Audette et al, 2004) and soft tissue drug transport (Wu and Edelman, 2008). There are also important applications in tissue engineering, as the engineered skeletal muscle tissue needs to have mechanical properties that match those of the replaced native tissue (Hinds et al, 2011, Goldstein et al, 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anisotropic mechanical behaviour of passive skeletal muscle tissue subjected to large tensile strain

Takaza

Moerman

Gindre

et al. 2013

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

130

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The anisotropic mechanical behaviour of passive skeletal muscle tissue subjected to large tensile strain, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.jmbbm.2012.09.001 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue are important for many biomechanics applications. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the three-dimensional tensile response of passive skeletal muscle tissue to applied loading. In particular, the nature of the anisotropy remains unclear and the response to loading at intermediate fibre directions and the Poisson's ratios in tension have not been reported. Accordingly, tensile tests were performed along and perpendicular to the muscle fibre direction as well as at 30, 45 and 60 degrees to the muscle fibre direction in samples of Longissimus dorsi muscle taken from freshly slaughtered pigs. Strain was measured using an optical non-contact method. The results show the transverse or cross fibre (TT') direction is broadly linear and is the stiffest (77kPa stress at a stretch of 1.1), but that failure occurs at low stretches (approximately λ = 1.15). In contrast the longitudinal or fibre direction (L) is nonlinear and much less stiff (10kPa stress at a stretch of 1.1) but failure occurs at higher stretches (approximately λ = 1.65). An almost sinusoidal variation in stress response was observed at intermediate angles. The following Poisson's ratios were measured: Ѵ LT = Ѵ LT' = 0.47, Ѵ TT' = 0.28 and Ѵ TL = 0.74. These observations have not been previously reported and they contribute significantly to our understanding of the three dimensional deformation response of skeletal muscle tissue.

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“…Head injury criterion HIC use is based on the proposal of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 1972 (Marjoux, Baumgartner, Deck, & Willinger, 2008). For the effects of direct impact it has been demonstrated that HIC is an acceptable discriminator between severe and less severe injuries (Tarriere, 1981).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whiplash Injury and Head Injury Criterion during Deceleration

Jelen¹,

Fanta²,

Billich³

et al. 2011

ToTS

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Cervical spine injuries have become an urgent problem in modern society. Regardless of social status or background, the high rate of neck injuries is a serious healthcare issue worldwide. The cervical spine injury is mainly caused by external impact and is termed as whiplash injury. In addition, the head also performs a whiplash movement during rapid deceleration. The aim of this study is to monitor and describe physically the natural response of the head to rapid deceleration. The methodology of using an impact simulator was adopted for simulating a load which is applied to passengers wearing a seat belt in a head-on collision of a car at the speed of 30 km/h. Furthermore, a series of comparative tests of two versions (impact with and without a blindfold) were conducted to determine the influence of vision and consciousness on risk and the seriousness of trauma and the results were compared with measurements on a dummy.

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Head injury prediction capability of the HIC, HIP, SIMon and ULP criteria

Cited by 189 publications

References 18 publications

Application of Auxetic Foam in Sports Helmets

Application of Auxetic Foam in Sports Helmets

The anisotropic mechanical behaviour of passive skeletal muscle tissue subjected to large tensile strain

Whiplash Injury and Head Injury Criterion during Deceleration

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