Brain organoids restore cortical damage

Altinisik, Nazlican; Rathinam, Dhanasekaran; Tran, M. T.; Gopalakrishnan, Jay

doi:10.1016/j.stem.2023.01.012

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Because of their characteristics, organoids can be defined as cultures that exhibit multi-cellularity and functionality, show spatial architecture like in vivo organs, and preserve stem cells or progenitor pools [198]. Since 2009, when for the first time a small intestinal organoid was established in vitro [199], several 3D cultures were obtained from different organs, such as the kidney [200,201], liver [202,203], brain [204,205], and retina [206,207], by changing the combination of growth factors and cell isolation procedures. The organoids can be classified into three types, based on different characteristics, such as types of cells and how they interact with each other: they are classified as epithelial, multi-tissue, and multiorgan [208].…”

Section: Human Retinal Organoid: Is It a Useful New Tool For Preclini...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical and Innovative Evidence for Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Dysfunctions

Caruso,

Fields,

Rimondi

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The human retina is a complex anatomical structure that has no regenerative capacity. The pathogenesis of most retinopathies can be attributed to inflammation, with the activation of the inflammasome protein platform, and to the impact of oxidative stress on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy/mitophagy in retinal cells. In recent years, new therapeutic approaches to treat retinopathies have been investigated. Experimental data suggest that the secretome of mesenchymal cells could reduce oxidative stress, autophagy, and the apoptosis of retinal cells, and in turn, the secretome of the latter could induce changes in mesenchymal cells. Other studies have evidenced that noncoding (nc)RNAs might be new targets for retinopathy treatment and novel disease biomarkers since a correlation has been found between ncRNA levels and retinopathies. A new field to explore is the interaction observed between the ocular and intestinal microbiota; indeed, recent findings have shown that the alteration of gut microbiota seems to be linked to ocular diseases, suggesting a gut–eye axis. To explore new therapeutical strategies for retinopathies, it is important to use proper models that can mimic the complexity of the retina. In this context, retinal organoids represent a good model for the study of the pathophysiology of the retina.

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Section: Human Retinal Organoid: Is It a Useful New Tool For Preclini...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical and Innovative Evidence for Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Dysfunctions

Caruso,

Fields,

Rimondi

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…In 2009, intestinal adult stem cells (ASCs) were cultured in vitro to form small intestinal organoids with a crypt‐villi structure, 4 which is a landmark event in the organoid field, demonstrating the potential of stem cells to differentiate into spatial structures similar to organs in vivo. Since then, organoid culture techniques have flourished and organoids derived from various organs have been established, such as the brain, 5 , 6 retinal, 7 , 8 lung, 9 , 10 stomach, 11 , 12 liver, 13 , 14 bile duct, 15 , 16 pancreas, 17 , 18 and kidney. 19 , 20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications

Yang

Kung

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Organoids are three‐dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that are derived from cells with stem potential and can self‐organize and differentiate into 3D cell masses, recapitulating the morphology and functions of their in vivo counterparts. Organoid culture is an emerging 3D culture technology, and organoids derived from various organs and tissues, such as the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, have been generated. Compared with traditional bidimensional culture, organoid culture systems have the unique advantage of conserving parental gene expression and mutation characteristics, as well as long‐term maintenance of the function and biological characteristics of the parental cells in vitro. All these features of organoids open up new opportunities for drug discovery, large‐scale drug screening, and precision medicine. Another major application of organoids is disease modeling, and especially various hereditary diseases that are difficult to model in vitro have been modeled with organoids by combining genome editing technologies. Herein, we introduce the development and current advances in the organoid technology field. We focus on the applications of organoids in basic biology and clinical research, and also highlight their limitations and future perspectives. We hope that this review can provide a valuable reference for the developments and applications of organoids.

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Brain organoids restore cortical damage

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Classical and Innovative Evidence for Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Dysfunctions

Classical and Innovative Evidence for Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Dysfunctions

Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications

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