Brain Organization in Schizophrenia

Volkow, Nora D.; Brodie, Jonathan D.; Wolf, Alfred P.; Gomez-Mont, F.; Cancro, Robert; Gelder, Peter Van; Russell, Jerome A. G.; Overall, John E.

doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1986.77

Cited by 110 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There were no significant correlations between the MPQ variables and the absolute orbitofrontal gyrus metabolism for any of the study groups, which may reflect the fact that regional absolute measures are strongly influenced by the overall metabolic activity in the brain of a given subject; in contrast, relative measures reflect much better regional differences between brain areas [18]. In addition, the increased variability in measures of absolute regional metabolism would necessitate a larger sample size to document significant correlations or group differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The orbitofrontal cortex in methamphetamine addiction: involvement in fear

Goldstein¹,

Volkow²,

Chang³

et al. 2002

NeuroReport

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We used Tellegen's Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) harm avoidance (fear) scale and the constraint superfactor as personality measures of inhibitory control and examined their association with glucose metabolism in the orbitofrontal gyrus at rest in 14 recently abstinent methamphetamine-dependent subjects and 22 comparison subjects. Higher MPQ scores were associated with higher relative orbitofrontal gyrus metabolism in the methamphetamine-dependent subjects. There was a tendency towards a negative association for the comparison subjects (test of coincidence of regression lines for the two subject groups: F = 3.3, df = 2,32; p = 0.051). These results suggest that the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in inhibitory control can be manifested in stable personality predispositions and further implicate this region in the core characteristics of drug addiction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The orbitofrontal cortex in methamphetamine addiction: involvement in fear

Goldstein¹,

Volkow²,

Chang³

et al. 2002

NeuroReport

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“…The combined results that patients activated anterior (DL) rather than posterior regions on the PART and showed performance correlations with posterior (PH) rather than anterior regions on the WCST lends support to a hypothesis that schizophrenia may produce a reversal in the normal reciprocal relationship between prefrontal and temporal-limbic brain regions (Volkow et al, 1986). To substantiate this hypothesis, it will be necessary to replicate findings that prefrontal activation during executive tasks is accompanied by hippocampal suppression in healthy volunteers and to show that this pattern is reversed in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Frontotemporal cerebral blood flow change during executive and declarative memory tasks in schizophrenia: A positron emission tomography study.

Ragland¹,

Gur²,

Glahn³

et al. 1998

Neuropsychology

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Schizophrenia affects prefrontal and temporal-limbic networks. These regions were examined by contrasting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during executive (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]), and declarative memory tasks (Paired Associate Recognition Test [PART]). The tasks, and a resting baseline, were administered to 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 healthy controls during 10 min positron emission tomography 15 O-water measures of rCBF. Patients were worse on both tasks. Controls activated inferior frontal, occipitotemporal, and temporal pole regions for both tasks. Similar results were obtained for controls matched to level of patient performance. Patients showed no activation of hypothesized regions during the WCST and activated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the PART. On the PART, occipitotemporal activation correlated with better performance for controls only. Better WCST performance correlated with CBF increase in prefrontal regions for controls and in the parahippocampal gyrus for patients. Results suggest that schizophrenia may involve a breakdown in the integration of a frontotemporal network that is responsive to executive and declarative memory demands in healthy individuals.Schizophrenia was previously thought of primarily as a frontal lobe disorder. Central to this model were neuropsychological results of impaired Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST; Berg, 1948;Grant & Berg, 1948) performance (Goldberg, Weinberger, Berman, Pliskin, & Podd, 1987) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) findings of "hypofrontality" at rest (Ingvar & Franzen, 1974) and in response to WCST task demands (Weinberger, Berman, & Zee, 1986). An alternative model proposed that schizophrenia primarily affects temporal lobe function. Support for this theory included neuropsychological results of differentially impaired learning and memory (Saykin et al., 1991), functional imaging evidence of resting left temporal lobe hypermetabolism , and atypical midtemporal CBF asymmetries in response to memory task demands (Gur, Jaggi, Shtasel, Ragland, & Gur, 1994).Copyright 1998 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: J. Daniel Ragland, 10th Floor Gates Building/HUP, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. ragland@bblmail.psycha.upenn.edu. J. Daniel Ragland, Ruben C. Gur, David C. Glahn, David M. Censits, Mark G. Lazarev, and Raquel E. Gur, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Health Systems; Robin J. Smith and Abass Alavi, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health Systems. HHS Public Access Author manuscriptNeuropsychology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 May 21. Published in final edited form as:Neuropsychology. 1998 July ; 12(3): 399-413. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptMore recently, researchers have begun to acknowledge the reciprocal interconnectivity of the prefrontal cortex with the hippocampus (Goldman-Rakic, Selem...

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“…(1985) stressed the importance of finding a linear transfor mation that eliminates individual differences in the rCMRgiu profiles of normal subjects and used cluster analysis to quantify residual differences. In a study of schizophrenia by Volkow et al (1986), a factor analysis was performed on GMR-normalized profiles. As a result of this normalization, the re ported regions-of-interest pattern effects may have been distorted in a manner similar to that illustrated by our GMR-normalized AIDS data (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussion Previous Statistical Analyses Of Fdg/pet Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaled Subprofile Model: A Statistical Approach to the Analysis of Functional Patterns in Positron Emission Tomographic Data

Moeller

Strother

Sidtis

et al. 1987

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

206

135

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Summary:The data obtained from measurements of re gional rCMRg1u using [ l 8F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)/ positron emission tomographic (PET) data contain more structure than can be identified with group mean rCMRglu profiles or regional correlation coefficients. This addi tional structure is revealed by a novel mathematical-sta tistical model of regional metabolic interactions that ex plicitly represents rCMRgl U profiles as a combination of region-independent global effects, a group mean pattern and a mosaic of interacting networks. In its application to FDG/PET data, this model removes global subject effects [global scaling factors (GSFs)] and a group mean pattern (profile) so as to maximize statistical power for the detec tion and simultaneous discovery of all networks of two or more regions that form a significant and consistent

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Brain Organization in Schizophrenia

Cited by 110 publications

References 16 publications

The orbitofrontal cortex in methamphetamine addiction: involvement in fear

The orbitofrontal cortex in methamphetamine addiction: involvement in fear

Frontotemporal cerebral blood flow change during executive and declarative memory tasks in schizophrenia: A positron emission tomography study.

Scaled Subprofile Model: A Statistical Approach to the Analysis of Functional Patterns in Positron Emission Tomographic Data

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