Brain metastasis from prostate carcinoma

Abstract

Here it goes again: A tandem catalytic process effects sequential Pd0‐catalyzed allylic alkylations through leaving group ionization and PdII‐catalyzed allylic alkylations by CH activation. By employing an oxidative trigger to convert the catalytic species from Pd0 into PdII, both transformations can be conducted in a single reaction vessel using the same precatalyst. This allows for the selective introduction of otherwise indistinguishable allyl groups.

Prostate cancer metastatic to the planum sphenoidale presenting as sequential bilateral vision loss

“…Hematogenous spread occurs primarily to the axial skeleton and involves the pelvis, lumbar vertebra and ribs, frequently presenting as osteoblastic lesions. Intracerebral metastasis is a rare event (estimated incidence of 0.63% [2] ) occurring hematogenously either through the arterial blood supply or via the venous route (Bateson's plexus). [3] Cerebral metastasis usually occurs in the setting of disseminated bone and soft tissue disease and reflects a poor prognosis.…”

“…[3] Cerebral metastasis usually occurs in the setting of disseminated bone and soft tissue disease and reflects a poor prognosis. [2] Intracranial metastasis is usually seen in high grade neoplasms with Gleason scores more than 6 and is more common with the small cell variant of prostate cancer than with adenocarcinoma. [4] The incidence of intracranial metastasis from prostate cancer is higher in autopsy studies than in antemortem studies (4.4% vs. 0.1%) and the commonly involved structures include the leptomeninges (67%), cerebrum (25%), and cerebellum (8%).…”

“…Radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery improves the median survival by 3.5 months and nine months respectively. [2] The rate of tumor growth is often dependent on androgens; hence ADT with nonsteroidal or steroidal androgen receptor blockers, GnRH inhibitors or GnRH antagonists may palliate symptoms.…”

Headache Caused by Brain Metastases of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer during Cabazitaxel Therapy

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The mean age at the detection of brain metastases ranged from 61.3 to 68.8 years. [4][5][6] Initial symptoms often result from increased intracranial pressure and diffuse cortical disorder and include delirium (51%), headache (36%), and memory deficits (17%). 5 Clinically, brain metastases present with signs of increased intracranial pressure (headache, nausea, and vomiting), changes in mental status, seizures, or focal signs.…”

“…[4][5][6] Initial symptoms often result from increased intracranial pressure and diffuse cortical disorder and include delirium (51%), headache (36%), and memory deficits (17%). 5 Clinically, brain metastases present with signs of increased intracranial pressure (headache, nausea, and vomiting), changes in mental status, seizures, or focal signs. 10 Overall, 95% of patients with brain metastases of prostate cancer had concurrent osseous metastases.…”