Brain leaks and consumer neurotechnology

Ienca, Marcello; Haselager, Pim; Emanuel, Ezekiel J.

doi:10.1038/nbt.4240

Cited by 115 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Figure 1 illustrates how many of the components mentioned above can be fully integrated to build an AI-based brain-computer interface that could provide a paralyzed individual with the means to operate a computer-based communication system. But neurotechnology is not confined to the assistive treatment of relatively rare neurological disorders, such as severe paralysis / locked-in syndrome, but has recently also entered the consumer-market with various devices for neurofeedback-based relaxation or well-being applications (Ienca et al, 2018;Kellmeyer, 2018).…”

Section: Background: Artificial Intelligence Big Data Machine Learnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section, I highlight some of the most widely discussed current ethical concerns and tensions in neuroethics, neurolaw and related disciplines that engage with these issues. As a disclaimer, given the limited scope here, I neither aim to provide a complete overview nor anything other than my own subjective view on these issues-for a selection of further recent contributions and views please also see (Ienca et al, 2018;Amadio et al, 2018;Illes, 2017;Yuste et al, 2017;Mittelstadt et al, 2016).…”

Section: Ethical Challenges Of Human-ai Interaction In Basic and Clinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this scenario, we do not yet know whether: a) the combination of many different classes of data (e. g. user behavior, geolocation data, data from devices, brain data etc.) allows for hitherto unprecedented inferences on an individual's first-person subjective (i. e. "mental") experience and/or her personal identity (Kreitmair et al, 2017); or, b) the aggregation of such multimodal data from an unprecedented number of individuals (e. g. in a large-scale "experiment" on an internet platform in which a company outfits thousands of users with a consumer neurotechnology device, e. g. a dry-cap EEG, for measuring and uploading brain data to their company servers) would allow to identify particular groups of individuals based on social, biological or other markers-which would raise concerns regarding the protection of group privacy (Ienca et al, 2018;Taylor et al, 2017).…”

Section: Intrusive Ai and The Protection Of Brain Data Mental Privacmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Intelligence in Basic and Clinical Neuroscience: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges

Kellmeyer

2019

Neuroforum

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The analysis of large amounts of personal data with artificial neural networks for deep learning is the driving technology behind new artificial intelligence (AI) systems for all areas in science and technology. These AI methods have evolved from applications in computer vision, the automated analysis of images, and now include frameworks and methods for analyzing multimodal datasets that combine data from many different source, including biomedical devices, smartphones and common user behavior in cyberspace. For neuroscience, these widening streams of personal data and machine learning methods provide many opportunities for basic data-driven research as well as for developing new tools for diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic applications for disorders of the nervous system. The increasing automation and autonomy of AI systems, however, also creates substantial ethical challenges for basic research and medical applications. Here, scientific and medical opportunities as well ethical challenges are summarized and discussed.

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Section: Background: Artificial Intelligence Big Data Machine Learnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethical Challenges Of Human-ai Interaction In Basic and Clinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intrusive Ai and The Protection Of Brain Data Mental Privacmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Intelligence in Basic and Clinical Neuroscience: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges

Kellmeyer

2019

Neuroforum

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“…The military sector and the public research sector were notable drivers and funders of neurotechnological research and development (R&D) when neuroethics emerged as an academic field; the sector of commercial or direct-to-consumer neurotechnology has rapidly expanded and gained in importance in recent years (Ienca, Haselager, and Emanuel 2018;Kellmeyer 2018).…”

Section: Involvement Of Commercial Military and Other Large-scale Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroethics at 15: The Current and Future Environment for Neuroethics

Force¹

2019

AJOB Neuroscience

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Neuroethics research and scholarship intersect with dynamic academic disciplines in science, engineering, and the humanities. On the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the formation of the International Neuroethics Society, we identify current and future topics for neuroethics and discuss the many social and political challenges that emerge from the converging dynamics of neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence. We also highlight the need for a global, transdisciplinary, and integrated community of researchers to address the challenges that are precipitated by this rapid sociotechnological transformation.

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“…Different labels have been used in the attempt to define this heterogeneous and rapidly developing technological market. Among others: 'consumer' (Ienca, Haselager and Emanuel 2018), 'consumer-directed' (Kellmeyer 2018), and…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%