Neuroethics at 15: The Current and Future Environment for Neuroethics

Force, Emerging Issues Task

doi:10.1080/21507740.2019.1632958

Cited by 37 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…An assessment of NTDs that is regulated, informed, and democratic can advance the neuroethical debate and offer insights on how NTDs should be appropriately used and managed [ 19 , 20 ]. Thus far, studies have begun exploring NTD usability and other related topics by surveying researchers’ opinions, public concerns [ 12 , 21 ], and patients’ needs [ 22 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public attitudes towards neurotechnology: Findings from two experiments concerning Brain Stimulation Devices (BSDs) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)

Sattler

Pietralla

2022

PLoS ONE

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This study contributes to the emerging literature on public perceptions of neurotechnological devices (NTDs) in their medical and non-medical applications, depending on their invasiveness, framing effects, and interindividual differences related to personal needs and values. We conducted two web-based between-subject experiments (2×2×2) using a representative, nation-wide sample of the adult population in Germany. Using vignettes describing how two NTDs, brain stimulation devices (BSDs; NExperiment 1 = 1,090) and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs; NExperiment 2 = 1,089), function, we randomly varied the purpose (treatment vs. enhancement) and invasiveness (noninvasive vs. invasive) of the NTD, and assessed framing effects (variable order of assessing moral acceptability first vs. willingness to use first). We found a moderate moral acceptance and willingness to use BSDs and BCIs. Respondents preferred treatment over enhancement purposes and noninvasive over invasive devices. We also found a framing effect and explored the role of personal characteristics as indicators of personal needs and values (e.g., stress, religiosity, and gender). Our results suggest that the future demand for BSDs or BCIs may depend on the purpose, invasiveness, and personal needs and values. These insights can inform technology developers about the public’s needs and concerns, and enrich legal and ethical debates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public attitudes towards neurotechnology: Findings from two experiments concerning Brain Stimulation Devices (BSDs) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)

Sattler

Pietralla

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…Approximately one-third of publications (34%; n = 29) mentioned privacy concerns, particularly in relation to neurotechnology, digital health tools, and testing, as these products involve some form of data collection. Neurotechnology-related concerns focused on the privacy and integrity of personal and brain data [ 2 , 56 , 59 , 63 – 65 ] and the potential sharing of this data with third parties [ 23 ]. Privacy issues related to digital health tools included location tracking for wearable devices [ 66 ], insufficient protection of data for mental health apps [ 67 ], and overly complex terms and conditions [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical issues in direct-to-consumer healthcare: A scoping review

Nagappan,

Kalokairinou,

Wexler

2024

PLOS Digit Health

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An increasing number of health products and services are being offered on a direct-to-consumer (DTC) basis. To date, however, scholarship on DTC healthcare products and services has largely proceeded in a domain-specific fashion, with discussions of relevant ethical challenges occurring within specific medical specialties. The present study therefore aimed to provide a scoping review of ethical issues raised in the academic literature across types of DTC healthcare products and services. A systematic search for relevant publications between 2011–2021 was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar using iteratively developed search terms. The final sample included 86 publications that discussed ethical issues related to DTC healthcare products and services. All publications were coded for ethical issues mentioned, primary DTC product or service discussed, type of study, year of publication, and geographical context. We found that the types of DTC healthcare products and services mentioned in our sample spanned six categories: neurotechnology (34%), testing (20%), in-person services (17%), digital health tools (14%), telemedicine (13%), and physical interventions (2%). Ethical arguments in favor of DTC healthcare included improved access (e.g., financial, geographical; 31%), increased autonomy (29%), and enhanced convenience (16%). Commonly raised ethical concerns included insufficient regulation (72%), questionable efficacy and quality (70%), safety and physical harms (66%), misleading advertising claims (56%), and privacy (34%). Other frequently occurring ethical concerns pertained to financial costs, targeting vulnerable groups, informed consent, and potential burdens on healthcare providers, the healthcare system, and society. Our findings offer insights into the cross-cutting ethical issues associated with DTC healthcare and underscore the need for increased interdisciplinary communication to address the challenges they raise.

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“…To this end, the comparatively young academic fields of neuroethics (Kellmeyer et al, 2019) and neurolaw (Meynen, 2014) are emerging as particularly dynamic (and partly overlapping) research and teaching environments for addressing the manifold ethical, legal and social challenges from human-AI interaction in the arena of neurotechnology and neuroscience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence in Basic and Clinical Neuroscience: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges

Kellmeyer

2019

Neuroforum

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The analysis of large amounts of personal data with artificial neural networks for deep learning is the driving technology behind new artificial intelligence (AI) systems for all areas in science and technology. These AI methods have evolved from applications in computer vision, the automated analysis of images, and now include frameworks and methods for analyzing multimodal datasets that combine data from many different source, including biomedical devices, smartphones and common user behavior in cyberspace. For neuroscience, these widening streams of personal data and machine learning methods provide many opportunities for basic data-driven research as well as for developing new tools for diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic applications for disorders of the nervous system. The increasing automation and autonomy of AI systems, however, also creates substantial ethical challenges for basic research and medical applications. Here, scientific and medical opportunities as well ethical challenges are summarized and discussed.

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Neuroethics at 15: The Current and Future Environment for Neuroethics

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

Public attitudes towards neurotechnology: Findings from two experiments concerning Brain Stimulation Devices (BSDs) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)

Public attitudes towards neurotechnology: Findings from two experiments concerning Brain Stimulation Devices (BSDs) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)

Ethical issues in direct-to-consumer healthcare: A scoping review

Artificial Intelligence in Basic and Clinical Neuroscience: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges

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