Brain Functional Networks Involved in Different Premise Order in Conditional Reasoning: A Dynamic Causal Model Study

Wang, Li; Zhang, Meng; Zou, Feng; Wu, Xin; Wang, Yufeng

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01865

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 59 publications

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“…Whether cerebellar tDCS can affect explicit learning should be investigated further, given the advance in neurophysiology and functionality of the cerebellum. There is accumulating evidence that the cerebellum is involved in various high-level cognitive functions, including decision-making [ 61 ], reasoning [ 62 ], linguistic function [ 63 ], and social cognition [ 64 ]. Cerebellar lesions can impair execution functions, including planning, set-shifting, abstraction, working memory, and verbal fluency [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Does Not Affect Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Wang

Wei

2022

Brain Sciences

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Humans constantly calibrate their sensorimotor system to accommodate environmental changes, and this perception-action integration is extensively studied using sensorimotor adaptation paradigms. The cerebellum is one of the key brain regions for sensorimotor adaptation, but previous attempts to modulate sensorimotor adaptation with cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) produced inconsistent findings. Since both conscious/explicit learning and procedural/implicit learning are involved in adaptation, researchers have proposed that ctDCS only affects sensorimotor adaptation when implicit learning dominates the overall adaptation. However, previous research had both types of learning co-exist in their experiments without controlling their potential interaction under the influence of ctDCS. Here, we used error clamp perturbation and gradual perturbation, two effective techniques to elicit implicit learning only, to test the ctDCS effect on sensorimotor adaptation. We administrated ctDCS to independent groups of participants while they implicitly adapted to visual errors. In Experiment 1, we found that cerebellar anodal tDCS had no effect on implicit adaptation induced by error clamp. In Experiment 2, we applied both anodal and cathodal stimulation and used a smaller error clamp to prevent a potential ceiling effect, and replicated the null effect. In Experiment 3, we used gradually imposed visual errors to elicit implicit adaptation but still found no effect of anodal tDCS. With a total of 174 participants, we conclude that the previous inconsistent tDCS effect on sensorimotor adaptation cannot be explained by the relative contribution of implicit learning. Given that the cerebellum is simultaneously involved in explicit and implicit learning, our results suggest that the complex interplay between the two learning processes and large individual differences associated with this interplay might contribute to the inconsistent findings from previous studies on ctDCS and sensorimotor adaptation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Does Not Affect Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Wang

Wei

2022

Brain Sciences

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Lexico‐Semantic Attrition of Native Language: Evidence From Russian–Hebrew Bilinguals

Gallo,

Bermúdez‐Margaretto,

Malyshevskaya

et al. 2024

Language Learning

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Native language (L1) attrition is ubiquitous in modern globalized society, but its cognitive/psycholinguistic mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated lexico‐semantic L1 attrition in L1 Russian immigrants in Israel, who predominantly use their second language (L2), Hebrew, in daily life. We included Russian monolinguals as a control group. We tested two potential causal mechanisms of attrition: L2 interference versus L1 disuse. Participants completed a fill‐the‐gap task in two conditions: accuracy (producing one exactly matching word) and scope (providing as many synonyms as possible). We expected L2 interference and L1 disuse to lead to the differential reduction of accuracy and scope features, respectively. Lower scores for attriters emerged in the accuracy but not in the scope condition. Moreover, attitude towards L1 influenced attriters’ accuracy—but not scope—performance, with higher L1 preference predicting higher accuracy. We provide evidence for lexico‐semantic attrition in adult immigrants, pointing to L2 interference as the primary cause of impaired lexical retrieval.

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Association of homotopic areas in the right hemisphere with language deficits in the short term after tumor resection

Sun

Weng

et al. 2022

Journal of Neurosurgery

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OBJECTIVE It is important to identify language deficit and recovery in the week following a tumor resection procedure. The homotopic Broca’s area and the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the right hemisphere participate in language functional compensation. However, the nodes in these structures, as well as their contributions to language rehabilitation, remain unknown. In this study, the authors investigated the association of homotopic areas in the right hemisphere with language deficit. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 50 right-handed patients with left hemispheric lower-grade glioma that had been surgically treated between June 2020 and May 2022. The patients were divided into normal and aphasia groups based on their postoperative aphasia quotient (AQ) from the Western Aphasia Battery. Preoperative (within 24 hours before surgery) and postoperative (7 days after tumor resection) diffusion tensor images were used to reveal alterations of structural networks by using graphic theory analysis. The shortest distance between the glioma and the nodes belonging to the language network (SDTN) was quantitatively assessed. Pearson’s correlation and causal mediation analyses were used to identify correlations and mediator factors among SDTN, topological properties, and AQs. RESULTS Postoperative nodal local efficiency of the node dorsal Brodmann area (BA) 44 (A44d; p = 0.0330), nodal clustering coefficient of the nodes A44d (p = 0.0402) and dorsal lateral BA6 (A6dl; p = 0.0097), and nodal degree centrality (p = 0.0058) of the node medial BA7 (A7m) were higher in the normal group than in the aphasia group. SDTN was positively correlated with postoperative AQ (r = 0.457, p = 0.0009) and ΔAQ (r = 0.588, p < 0.0001). The nodal local efficiency of node A44d and the nodal efficiency, nodal betweenness centrality, and degree centrality of node A7m were mediators of SDTN and postoperative AQs. CONCLUSIONS The decreased ability of nodes A44d, A6dl, and A7m to convey information in the right hemisphere was associated with short-term language deficits after tumor resection. A smaller SDTN induced a worsened postoperative language deficit through a significant decrease in the ability to convey information from these three nodes.

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Brain Functional Networks Involved in Different Premise Order in Conditional Reasoning: A Dynamic Causal Model Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Does Not Affect Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Does Not Affect Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Lexico‐Semantic Attrition of Native Language: Evidence From Russian–Hebrew Bilinguals

Association of homotopic areas in the right hemisphere with language deficits in the short term after tumor resection

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