Brain derived neurotrophic factor in multiple sclerosis: effect of 24 weeks endurance and resistance training

Abstract

In conclusion, BDNF concentration of persons with RRMS was lower compared to HCs and increased after 24 weeks of exercise in persons with MS, compared to the non-exercise MS control group.

Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and sphingosine-1-phosphat (S1P) are NOT the main mediators of neuroprotection induced by resistance training in persons with multiple sclerosis—A randomized controlled trial

“…periods of low-to-moderate neuronal activity, which may partly explain the findings of these metaanalyses. Reporting some of the most clear study findings on chronic circulating (serum) BDNF levels in pwMS, Wens and colleagues showed that 24 weeks (60 planned sessions) of combined RT and aerobic training elicited significant between-group increments (Wens et al, 2016). The discrepancy between our findings of their study, may therefore be explained by a smaller total training volume in the present study (48 planned sessions) and/or the absence of aerobic training.…”

“…which hereafter returns to baseline (Bansi et al, 2013;Briken et al, 2016;Castellano and White, 2008;Gold et al, 2003), along with chronic increases after 3-24 weeks of aerobic training alone (Bansi et al, 2013;Castellano and White, 2008) or in combination with pilates training (Ozkul et al, 2018) or RT (Wens et al, 2016). However, in line with the negative findings of the present RT study, a number of aerobic training studies have also failed to observe acute (Bansi et al, 2013;Schulz et al, 2004) and chronic (3-9 weeks) increases in circulating BDNF levels (Briken et al, 2016;Schulz et al, 2004;Zimmer et al, 2017).…”

“…BDNF is widely expressed throughout the CNS (Murer et al, 2001), and is involved in the maintenance and repair of the CNS (Bibel and Barde, 2000;Kowianski et al, 2018). Yet, CNS maintenance and repair are likely compromised in pwMS as chronic circulating (serum, plasma) BDNF levelsbelieved to reflect brain BDNF levels (Klein et al, 2011;Rasmussen et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2018) are lower than in healthy controls (Al-Temaimi et al, 2017;Azoulay et al, 2008;Castellano and White, 2008;Wens et al, 2016). In addition, sphingosine-1-phosphat (S1P) -a sphingolipid metabolite known to modulate the CNS directly (Hla and Brinkmann, 2011;Soliven et al, 2011) or indirectly by facilitating BDNF expression (Fukumoto et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2018) -may also be involved in mediating exercise-induced neuroprotective effects in pwMS.…”

“…In addition, sphingosine-1-phosphat (S1P) -a sphingolipid metabolite known to modulate the CNS directly (Hla and Brinkmann, 2011;Soliven et al, 2011) or indirectly by facilitating BDNF expression (Fukumoto et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2018) -may also be involved in mediating exercise-induced neuroprotective effects in pwMS. Indeed, AT alone (Bansi et al, 2013;Briken et al, 2016;Castellano and White, 2008;Gold et al, 2003) or combined with pilates (Ozkul et al, 2018) or RT (Wens et al, 2016) can lead to acute and chronic increases in circulating BDNF levels in pwMS, although negative findings also exist (Bansi et al, 2013;Briken et al, 2016;Schulz et al, 2004;Zimmer et al, 2017). While little is known about circulating S1P levels in pwMS, AT has been shown to increase acute (Baranowski et al, 2015;Baranowski et al, 2011) and chronic circulating S1P levels in healthy young individuals (Ksiazek et al, 2018).…”

The Brain and Movement: How Physical Activity Affects the Brain

“…Also noteworthy is a review by Tomlinson, Leiton, and Colognato (2016) in which the authors document how physical activity, environmental enrichment, and motor experiences promote more effi cient neuronal myelinization and, conversely, that social retreat, inadequate physical activity, and poor environmental experiences reduce it. Wens et al (2016) report an increase in BDNF in subjects with multiple sclerosis as a result of aerobic activity over the course of six months. Have et al (2016) wanted to test the eff ects o f motor activity on creative performance, as well as executive and math functions in primary school children, and correlate it with their body mass index.…”