Brain–computer interface controlled gaming: Evaluation of usability by severely motor restricted end-users

The brain-computer interface researcher’s questionnaire: from research to application

“…To our knowledge these studies only involved the use of non-invasive BCIs by people with ALS or disabilities with other etiologies. Interestingly, the topics that can be extracted from these reports correspond largely with the issues identified in the current study, in that performance (accuracy, speed), sensor issues (discomfort and cumbersomeness of using wet electrodes), and system complexity (for both user and caregiver) are recurring themes [20][21][22][23][24]. A significant discrepancy between these studies and the current report, however, is the importance attributed to esthetics and user stigmatization.…”

“…This, however, does not correspond with reports in which users are asked for their opinion on this topic. In fact, the physical appearance of BCI systems is considered a relevant issue by most users, and is not appropriately addressed by current (EEG-based) systems [20,21,23,25].…”

P300 Brain Computer Interface Control after an Acquired Brain Injury

“…Zickler et al [9] first reported this approach for the evaluation of BCI systems and it was set out further by Kübler et al [17]. A number of additional studies have also incorporated this approach successfully [12] [22]. The effectiveness of the system is identifying how suitable and usable the system was and this was measured by how accurately the user could make the selection they had intended.…”

“…A number of recent studies have incorporated this approach successfully in the evaluation of BCI for longterm home use with end users with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) [12] [22]. Issues such as the complexity of the system set up; the speed and reliability of the BCI response rate; and the type of electrodes and design of the cap were found to be considerable barriers for the everyday use of currently tested BCI with end users [12] [22] [23].…”

“…Numerous applications have been proven to work with various BCI paradigms such as spelling [7], Internet browsing [8], entertainment [9], environmental control [10], gaming [11][12], neuroprostheses [13], wheelchair control [14] and cognitive rehabilitation [15]. It is evident that BCI can now control a number of applications however little evidence of this is present beyond the laboratory and limited evaluations have been undertaken with participants that would benefit from the use of such a system on a daily basis.…”