Brain-Based Etiology of Weight Regulation

Burger, Kyle S.; Shearrer, Grace E.; Sanders, Abigail J.

doi:10.1007/s11892-015-0667-5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Increased amygdala responses to food cues in obese compared to healthy-weight individuals is one of the most replicated findings in the neuroimaging of obesity (e.g., [111,113]; see [16] for a review), including in children (e.g., [14]). External food sensitivity, i.e.…”

Section: Amygdala and Cue-induced Feedingmentioning

confidence: 93%

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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• The amygdala and hippocampus play a major role in food intake and weight regulation.• These functions are far less known to cognitive and affective scientists.• This review uniquely expands on the interactions between these two brain structures. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The anterior medial temporal lobes are one of the most studied parts of the brain. Classically, their two main structures -the amygdalae and the hippocampi -have been linked to key cognitive and affective functions, related in particular to learning and memory. Based on abundant evidence, we will argue for an alternative but complementary point of view: they may also play a major role in food intake and body weight regulation. First, an overview is given of early clinical evidence in this line of thought. Subsequently, empirical evidence is presented on how food intake, including in the extreme case of obesity, may relate to amygdalian and hippocampal functioning. The focus is on the amygdala's role in processing the relevance of food stimuli, cue-induced feeding, and stress-induced eating and on the hippocampus' involvement in the use of interoceptive signals of hunger and satiety, as well as memory and inhibitory processes related to food intake. Additionally, an elaboration takes place on possible reciprocal links between food intake, body weight, and amygdala and hippocampus functioning. Finally, issues that seemed particularly critical for future research in the field are discussed.

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Section: Amygdala and Cue-induced Feedingmentioning

confidence: 93%

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Cela est particulièrement le cas pour les réponses observées dans le striatum, l'amygdale, l'insula et le cortex orbitofrontal. 1 Ces zones font partie du circuit de récompense et sont connues pour leur implication dans le traitement émotionnel, 2 mais aussi sur la manière dont les stimuli alimentaires sont perçus 3 ( figure 1). Le cortex orbitofrontal serait notamment essentiel au traitement des signaux liés à la valeur de la nourriture, ce qui serait un déterminant clé de nos décisions alimentaires.…”

Section: Comment éTudier Les Mécanismes Cérébraux En Lien Avec La Pri...unclassified

Circuits de la récompense alimentaire chez les patients obèses

Coppin

Sander

Golay

et al. 2018

Revue Médicale Suisse

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Circuits de la récompense alimentaire chez les patients obèsesHormis les mécanismes hormonaux de la régulation de l'appétit et de la satiété, la consommation alimentaire est également contrôlée par certains circuits cérébraux. Cette régulation centrale commence à être mieux étudiée grâce à l'imagerie fonctionnelle. L'obésité est associée à des réponses cérébrales accrues à des stimuli associés à de la nourriture au niveau du circuit de récompense. Plus spécifiquement, les études ont permis de mettre en évidence que les individus obèses avaient une motivation élevée pour obtenir une récompense alimentaire tout en ayant une diminution du plaisir lors de la consommation de celle-ci. De plus, la consommation alimentaire pourrait être, dans certains cas, comparable à l'addiction et se manifester par des envies irrésistibles de consommer certains aliments. Food reward circuitry in obese patientsBesides hormonal regulation of appetite and satiety, food intake depends on the activity of certain brain systems. Functional imaging studies are useful to better understand this central regulation of energy intake. Obesity is associated with increased brain responses to food stimuli at the level of the reward system. More specifically, studies have shown in obese individuals an increased motivation to obtain food reward as well as a decrease in pleasure during its actual consumption. Food consumption may be, in some instances, comparable to addiction, and be reflected by irresistible cravings for certain foods.

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“…Obesity is a complex condition associated with cognitive, affective, behavioral, cerebral, and metabolic dysfunctions [1][2][3][4][5]. The mechanisms involved in weight gain and weight loss are being actively researched and pharmacologic treatments of overweight and obesity have significantly evolved over the past years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of liraglutide on self-reported liking and neural responses to food stimuli in participants with obesity

Coppin,

Muñoz Tord,

Pool

et al. 2023

Int J Obes

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Background/Objectives Obesity is a complex condition and the mechanisms involved in weight gain and loss are not fully understood. Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been demonstrated to successfully promote weight loss in patients with obesity (OB). Yet, it is unclear whether the observed weight loss is driven by an alteration of food liking. Here we investigated the effects of liraglutide on food liking and the cerebral correlates of liking in OB. Subjects/Methods This study was a randomized, single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, prospective clinical trial. 73 participants with OB and without diabetes following a multidisciplinary weight loss program, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive liraglutide 3.0 mg (37.40 ± 11.18 years old, BMI = 35.89 ± 3.01 kg) or a placebo (40.04 ± 14.10 years old, BMI = 34.88 ± 2.87 kg) subcutaneously once daily for 16 weeks. Interventions/Methods We investigated liking during food consumption. Participants reported their hedonic experience while consuming a high-calorie food (milkshake) and a tasteless solution. The solutions were administered inside the scanner with a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-compatible gustometer to assess neural responses during consumption. The same procedure was repeated during the pre- and post-intervention sessions. Results None of the effects involving the intervention factor reached significance when comparing liking between the pre- and post-intervention sessions or groups. Liking during food reward consumption was associated with the activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala. The liraglutide group lost more weight (BMI post-pre = −3.19 ± 1.28 kg/m2) than the placebo group (BMI post-pre = −0.60 ± 1.26 kg/m2). Conclusions These results suggest that liraglutide leads to weight loss without self-report or neural evidence supporting a concomitant reduction of food liking in participants with OB.

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Brain-Based Etiology of Weight Regulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 79 publications

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Circuits de la récompense alimentaire chez les patients obèses

A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of liraglutide on self-reported liking and neural responses to food stimuli in participants with obesity

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