BPA and risk assessment

Calafat, Antònia M.; Koch, Holger M.; Andra, Syam S.; Antignac, Jean‐Philippe; Castaño, Argelia; Choi, Kyungho; Dekant, W.; Doerge,; Frederiksen, Hanne; Göen, Thomas; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; LeBlanc, Alain; Mueller, JF; Nakayama, SF; Nassif, Jeanette G.; St-Amand, Annie; Völkel, Wolfgang; Wolff,

doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30070-x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…31 Metabolite measurements are important for toxicokinetic understanding of the in vivo disposition of chemicals and can be also used for human biomonitoring, as is the case for BPA. Metabolite concentrations of BPA have been frequently determined indirectly 29,30 using enzymatic deconjugation to form total BPA, that is, the sum of unconjugated and conjugated BPA. Metabolite concentrations can be indirectly obtained from the total BPA by subtracting unconjugated BPA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 The indirect method may have some disadvantages because of variable deconjugation recovery, leading to potential underestimation of the actual exposure of humans to environmental compounds, as demonstrated with BPA by Gerona et al (2020), although these findings have been challenged. 30 In this study, the direct method was preferred because analytical standards were available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of the Conjugated Forms of Dichlorobisphenol A (3,3′-Cl2BPA) in Rat and Human Plasma Using HPLC-MS/MS

Plattard

Gnanasegaran

Krekesheva

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous contaminant that has endocrine-disrupting effects. Chlorinated derivatives of BPA are formed during chlorination of drinking water and have higher endocrine-disrupting activity. Dichlorobisphenol A (Cl 2 BPA) is the most abundant chlorinated BPA derivative found in several human biological matrices. Recent in vitro experiments have shown that Cl 2 BPA is metabolized in sulpho-and glucuro-conjugated compounds. To date, no assay has been developed to quantify the sulfoand glucuro-conjugates of 3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA (3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA-S and 3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA-G, respectively).Methods: A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of 3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA conjugated forms in plasma samples was developed and validated according to the European Medicines Agency guidelines. Quantification was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode for all target analytes using a SCIEX 6500 + tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray source operating in the negative ionization mode. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column maintained at 408C and a binary mobile phase delivered in the gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Sample was prepared via simple precipitation using acetonitrile. The assay was validated and applied to rat and human plasma samples.Results: Linearity was demonstrated over the range of 0.006-25 ng/mL for 3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA-G and 0.391-100 ng/mL for 3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA-S. Intraday and interday bias values were in the 95%-109% range, and the imprecision ,9%. Internal standard corrected matrix effects were also investigated. This method enabled quantification of the conjugated forms of 3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA in plasma samples.Conclusions: This is the first report on the development and validation of an analytical method for the quantification of 3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA-G and 3,3 0 -Cl 2 BPA-S in the plasma matrix. This study is also the first report on the in vivo occurrence of these metabolites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the Conjugated Forms of Dichlorobisphenol A (3,3′-Cl2BPA) in Rat and Human Plasma Using HPLC-MS/MS

Plattard

Gnanasegaran

Krekesheva

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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“…In response to Gerona and colleagues’ (2020) conclusion that the indirect method underestimates total BPA concentrations, Calafat and Koch (2020) noted that proficiency testing performed by external quality assessment programs such as G-EQUAS (Erlangen, Germany) and the European Union HBM4EU of international laboratories using urine control samples spiked with known concentrations of free BPA and BPAG have consistently reported that results fall within the tolerance range ( Calafat and Koch, 2020 ). Results (7% (5 out of 70 from 30 international participants)) that were outside the tolerance range were above rather than below these limits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct LC-MS/MS and indirect GC–MS/MS methods for measuring urinary bisphenol A concentrations are comparable

Ashley‐Martin

Gaudreau

Dumas

et al. 2021

Environment International

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Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is typically measured in urine using an indirect method that involves enzymatic deconjugation and extraction. In contrast, the direct method measures free and conjugated BPA concurrently and sums them to estimate urinary BPA concentrations. Statistical comparison of total BPA results using the direct and indirect methods is necessary to accurately interpret biomonitoring data for risk assessments. Objectives: To compare urinary BPA concentrations estimated from the indirect and direct methods in duplicate first trimester urine samples collected from 1879 pregnant women from the MIREC Study. Methods: For the indirect method, we measured urinary BPA concentrations using GC–MS/MS. For the direct method, we summed free and conjugated BPA concentrations measured using LC-MS/MS. We evaluated deviation between the two methods using the Bland-Altman analysis in the total sample and stratified (1) by specific gravity and (2) at the limit of quantification (LOQ). Results: Median urinary BPA concentrations for the direct and indirect methods were 0.89 μg BPA equivalents/L and 0.81 μg/L respectively. Concentrations from the direct method were, on average, 8.6% (95% CI: 6.7%, 10.5%) higher than the indirect method in a Bland-Altman analysis. The percent differences between the two methods was 4.0% in urines with specific gravities < 1.02 (n = 1348, 72%) and 20.3% in urine with specific gravity ≥ 1.02. In values below the LOQ (n = 663, 35%), we observed smaller average percent deviation (4.8%) between the two methods but wider limits of agreement. Discussion: Results from this study, based on the largest statistically rigorous comparison of the direct and indirect methods of BPA measurement, contrast previous findings reporting that the indirect method underestimates total BPA exposure. The difference in urinary BPA concentrations we observed with the indirect and direct methods is unlikely to alter the interpretation of health outcome data.

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Validated single urinary assay designed for exposomic multi-class biomarkers of common environmental exposures

et al. 2022

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BPA and risk assessment

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Quantification of the Conjugated Forms of Dichlorobisphenol A (3,3′-Cl2BPA) in Rat and Human Plasma Using HPLC-MS/MS

Quantification of the Conjugated Forms of Dichlorobisphenol A (3,3′-Cl2BPA) in Rat and Human Plasma Using HPLC-MS/MS

Direct LC-MS/MS and indirect GC–MS/MS methods for measuring urinary bisphenol A concentrations are comparable

Validated single urinary assay designed for exposomic multi-class biomarkers of common environmental exposures

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