Boys who are born preterm show a relative lack of fat-free mass at 5 years of age compared to their peers

Giannì, Maria Lorella; Roggero, Paola; Piemontese, Pasqua; Morlacchi, Laura; Bracco, Beatrice; Taroni, Francesca; Garavaglia, Elisabetta; Mosca, Fabio

doi:10.1111/apa.12856

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Exploration of these interactions revealed that female infants were more likely than male infants to achieve nutrient recommendations on any given day. This observation is generally consistent with the findings of others where male VLBW infants are reported to be at greatest risk of nutrient deficit and less than optimal growth …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neonatal Morbidity Count Is Associated With a Reduced Likelihood of Achieving Recommendations for Protein, Lipid, and Energy in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Unger

Asbury

et al. 2017

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neonatal Morbidity Count Is Associated With a Reduced Likelihood of Achieving Recommendations for Protein, Lipid, and Energy in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Unger

Asbury

et al. 2017

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…A study in adults with IF showed that 73% had sarcopenia, which includes not only loss of skeletal muscle but also loss of muscle function . Other factors that might influence body composition include prematurity, although results are conflicting, and chronic inflammation …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition Using Air Displacement Plethysmography in Children With Intestinal Failure Receiving Long‐Term Home Parenteral Nutrition

Neelis

Kouwenhoven

Olieman

et al. 2019

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Background Children with intestinal failure (IF) are at risk of growth failure, but little information about body composition is available. Our aim was to assess body composition using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and relate it to clinical and growth parameters. Methods In this prospective descriptive observational 2‐center cohort study, children aged 2–18 years receiving home parenteral nutrition (PN) for ≥6 months underwent ADP measurement. Fat mass index (FMI) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI) standard deviation scores (SDSs) were calculated to normalize for small body size. Results Twenty‐one out of 22 children, median age 7.4 years, underwent successful ADP measurement after a median PN duration of 5.5 years. They were significantly lighter (median weight for age SDS −0.71, P = 0.004) and shorter (median height for age SDS −1.55, P < 0.001) than the normal population mean; 52% were growing below target height range. They had low FFMI (median SDS −1.53, P < 0.001) and high FMI (median SDS 0.80, P = 0.002). Weight for height and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with FFMI and BMI with FMI, but children with the same weight and height showed different body composition. In 13 patients with 1‐year follow‐up, growth and body composition did not change significantly. Conclusion Children with IF receiving long‐term PN show lower FFM and higher FM than healthy children. Additionally, children with similar routine growth parameters showed different body composition. Further studies should evaluate the effect of a patient‐tailored approach including physical activity and nutrition advice based on body composition.

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“…Despite having lower BMI than term‐born peers in early childhood, individuals born preterm have a higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood . Evidence from predominantly term‐born populations suggest physical activity in childhood has long‐term benefits on cardiovascular health in adulthood .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lifestyle risk factors and early body composition may play a role . In early childhood, preterm infants have a higher prevalence of motor impairment and some evidence of less fat‐free mass (eg, skeletal muscle, bone), although this is not well‐established . Body composition, although more challenging to measure in a clinical setting, is especially important in this population given individuals with the same body mass index (BMI) can differ markedly in fat and fat‐free mass .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early childhood, preterm infants have a higher prevalence of motor impairment and some evidence of less fat‐free mass (eg, skeletal muscle, bone), although this is not well‐established . Body composition, although more challenging to measure in a clinical setting, is especially important in this population given individuals with the same body mass index (BMI) can differ markedly in fat and fat‐free mass . Increased physical activity, appropriate sleep duration, and reduced sedentary time are associated with reduced adiposity and improved gross motor skills in school‐aged children born normal birth weight and at term .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lean mass accretion in children born very low birth weight is significantly associated with estimated changes from sedentary time to light physical activity

et al. 2020

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Summary Background Few studies have investigated how lifestyle is associated with body composition in children born very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g), a population at increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome in later life. Objectives Determine how time spent in physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep are associated with body composition in children born VLBW. Methods In this prospective cohort study of 5.5‐year‐old children born VLBW, height, weight, body composition (skinfolds, air displacement plethysmography), and 7 days of movement data (logbooks and accelerometers) were collected. Results Of 158 participants, 53% were male, and mean (SD) birth weight was 1013 (264) g. Only 52% achieved 60 minutes/day of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, but 96% achieved sleep recommendations. Reallocating 30 minutes of sedentary time to light physical activity (LPA) was associated with 0.20 kg/m2 (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.37) greater fat‐free mass index. An equivalent inverse association was found when reallocating LPA to sedentary time. No associations were found for other movement behaviours. Conclusions Promoting LPA and reducing sedentary time may be an important strategy in reducing the elevated risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome amongst those born VLBW by supporting lean mass accretion. Funded by CIHR (FHG 129919) and SickKids Restracomp.

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Boys who are born preterm show a relative lack of fat-free mass at 5 years of age compared to their peers

Abstract: Boys born preterm showed a relative lack of fat-free mass at school age compared to their peers.

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Neonatal Morbidity Count Is Associated With a Reduced Likelihood of Achieving Recommendations for Protein, Lipid, and Energy in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Neonatal Morbidity Count Is Associated With a Reduced Likelihood of Achieving Recommendations for Protein, Lipid, and Energy in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Body Composition Using Air Displacement Plethysmography in Children With Intestinal Failure Receiving Long‐Term Home Parenteral Nutrition

Lean mass accretion in children born very low birth weight is significantly associated with estimated changes from sedentary time to light physical activity

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