Boxing daze – using state-and-transition models to explore the evolution of socio-biophysical landscapes

Dyke, Chris Van

doi:10.1177/0309133315581700

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 247 publications

(267 reference statements)

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“…Directive and require the presence of grazing livestock for their correct management (Van Dyke, 2015). At present, relatively few areas in Southern European mountain pastures are affected by overgrazing (Nadal-Romero, Lasanta, & Cerdà, 2016), and critical rates of soil erosion induced by (over)grazing are quite scarce across the Northern Mediterranean region (Arnaez, Lasanta, Errea, & Ortigosa, 2011;Papanastasis et al, 2017;Papanastasis, Kyriakakis, Kazakis, Abid, & Doulis, 2003;Rowntree, Duma, Kakembo, & Thornes, 2004).…”

Section: Mountainous Semi-natural Pastures Are Protected By Eu Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term impacts of grazing management on land degradation in a rural community of Southern Italy: Depopulation matters

et al. 2020

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Depopulation and economic marginalization of rural districts have induced a progressive land abandonment in agricultural and pastoral districts. In Europe, areas at higher risk of farmland abandonment are characterized by low-intensity pasture systems whose fate is strongly dependent on state incentives or subsidies to rural development promoting more sustainable land-use trajectories. Especially in Southern Europe, undergrazing is the main driver of pasture degradation. In such a context, a land management preserving pasture resilience requires a wider knowledge about the impact of practices on the ecological characteristics of pastures and an improved understanding of complex socio-environmental interactions underlying the adoption of such practices. Based on these premises, this study investigates the extent to which the past land management reflects the current state of agro-pastoral systems in a local community of Southern Apennine (Basilicata, Italy). Based on a multi-scale analysis integrating multiple sources of data and exploratory techniques, three land-use trajectories with different implications for land degradation were identified: (a) areas completely abandoned, (b) areas with a decrease in grazing where the management system is remained unchanged, and (c) areas characterized by a decrease in grazing with changes in the management system. Results outline the importance of landscape history shaping (optimal and sub-optimal) land management and the influence of landscape structure on livestock performances within different farm management types.

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Section: Mountainous Semi-natural Pastures Are Protected By Eu Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term impacts of grazing management on land degradation in a rural community of Southern Italy: Depopulation matters

et al. 2020

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“…In order to fully understand the transition of both floral and faunal communities along the Missouri River as a result of dam operations and changes in geomorphology, a state transition model could have potential. State transition models have been invoked to explain the dynamics of individual ecological sites as well as identify ‘states’ that may exist at a site and how other site characteristics might change with them (Van Dyke, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flood Effects Provide Evidence of an Alternate Stable State from Dam Management on the Upper Missouri River

Skalak¹,

Benthem²,

Hupp³

et al. 2016

River Research & Apps

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We examine how historic flooding in 2011 affected the geomorphic adjustments created by dam regulation along the approximately 120 km free flowing reach of the Upper Missouri River bounded upstream by the Garrison Dam (1953) and downstream by Lake Oahe Reservoir (1959) near the City of Bismarck, ND, USA. The largest flood since dam regulation occurred in 2011. Flood releases from the Garrison Dam began in May 2011 and lasted until October, peaking with a flow of more than 4200 m 3 s À1 . Channel cross-section data and aerial imagery before and after the flood were compared with historic rates of channel change to assess the relative impact of the flood on the river morphology. Results indicate that the 2011 flood maintained trends in island area with the loss of islands in the reach just below the dam and an increase in island area downstream. Channel capacity changes varied along the Garrison Segment as a result of the flood. The thalweg, which has been stable since the mid-1970s, did not migrate. And channel morphology, as defined by a newly developed shoaling metric, which quantifies the degree of channel braiding, indicates significant longitudinal variability in response to the flood. These results show that the 2011 flood exacerbates some geomorphic trends caused by the dam while reversing others. We conclude that the presence of dams has created an alternate geomorphic and related ecological stable state, which does not revert towards pre-dam conditions in response to the flood of record. This suggests that management of sediment transport dynamics as well as flow modification is necessary to restore the Garrison Segment of the Upper Missouri River towards pre-dam conditions and help create or maintain habitat for endangered species. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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“…We recognize that all successional pathways do not necessarily follow the linear, four-phase sequence described in the FBS model ( Fig 1 ). Rather, a more realistic perspective would involve multiple-pathways that account for the possibility of nonlinear, stochastic adjustments of a fluvial biogeomorphic system responding to, for example, changes in discharge, erosion, and in-stream accumulation of large woody debris [ 75 – 79 ]. We, however, still believe that the original FBS is a useful simplification of the actually complex, multi-faceted nature of fluvial landscape dynamics (see [ 10 , 23 ]) and that the model will therefore serve as an important springboard for better understanding and predicting varying patterns of vegetation–soil–topography relationships over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri-Variate Relationships among Vegetation, Soil, and Topography along Gradients of Fluvial Biogeomorphic Succession

Kim

Kupfer

2016

PLoS ONE

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This research investigated how the strength of vegetation–soil–topography couplings varied along a gradient of biogeomorphic succession in two distinct fluvial systems: a forested river floodplain and a coastal salt marsh creek. The strength of couplings was quantified as tri-variance, which was calculated by correlating three singular axes, one each extracted using three-block partial least squares from vegetation, soil, and topography data blocks. Within each system, tri-variance was examined at low-, mid-, and high-elevation sites, which represented early-, intermediate-, and late-successional phases, respectively, and corresponded to differences in ongoing disturbance frequency and intensity. Both systems exhibited clearly increasing tri-variance from the early- to late-successional stages. The lowest-lying sites underwent frequent and intense hydrogeomorphic forcings that dynamically reworked soil substrates, restructured surface landforms, and controlled the colonization of plant species. Such conditions led vegetation, soil, and topography to show discrete, stochastic, and individualistic behaviors over space and time, resulting in a loose coupling among the three ecosystem components. In the highest-elevation sites, in contrast, disturbances that might disrupt the existing biotic–abiotic relationships were less common. Hence, ecological succession, soil-forming processes, and landform evolution occurred in tight conjunction with one another over a prolonged period, thereby strengthening couplings among them; namely, the three behaved in unity over space and time. We propose that the recurrence interval of physical disturbance is important to—and potentially serves as an indicator of—the intensity and mechanisms of vegetation–soil–topography feedbacks in fluvial biogeomorphic systems.

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Boxing daze – using state-and-transition models to explore the evolution of socio-biophysical landscapes

Cited by 20 publications

References 247 publications

Long‐term impacts of grazing management on land degradation in a rural community of Southern Italy: Depopulation matters

Long‐term impacts of grazing management on land degradation in a rural community of Southern Italy: Depopulation matters

Flood Effects Provide Evidence of an Alternate Stable State from Dam Management on the Upper Missouri River

Tri-Variate Relationships among Vegetation, Soil, and Topography along Gradients of Fluvial Biogeomorphic Succession

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