Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b fetal infection with extensive hemorrhage

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1b was isolated from tissues of a term bovine fetus with petechial hemorrhages noted throughout the body and placenta at autopsy. Fresh lung, kidney, thymus, and liver tissues were examined by direct fluorescent antibody testing and were positive for BVDV antigen and negative for bovine herpesvirus 1 antigen. An organ pool of fresh tissues was positive for noncytopathic (NCP) BVDV-1 by virus isolation. BVDV-1b was identified by sequencing of the 5'-UTR region of the genome. Fixed brain, placenta, thymus, lymph node, lung, kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, and bone marrow were positive for BVDV antigen by immunohistochemistry. Although BVDV hemorrhage and/or thrombocytopenia has been associated historically with NCP strains of BVDV-2, this case adds to more recent reports of BVDV-1 infections and hemorrhage in cattle. This BVDV-1b isolate should be investigated for its potential to cause hemorrhage in postnatal cattle.

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1b infection associated with congenital tremor and hypomyelination in Holstein calves

“…BVDV strains from the present study belong to the species Pestivirus A (subtype 1b), which has been detected on all continents (Yeşilbağ et al, 2017) and in apparently healthy and diseased animals, and is highly prevalent, with wide spatio-temporal distribution, in Italy (Ciulli et al, 2008a;Giammarioli et al, 2008;Luzzago et al, 2014). It was also associated with severe extensive haemorrhage (Fulton et al, 2017). Pestivirus A (subtype 1b) and Pestivirus B (subtype 2b) showed different tissue distributions during dual natural infection (Spetter et al, 2018), but no specific neurotropism has been reported for the former.…”

Comparison of the Ability of High and Low Virulence Strains of Non-cytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-1 to Modulate Expression of Interferon Tau Stimulated Genes in Bovine Endometrium

“…In contrast, high virulence BVDV-2 isolates cause severe acute infections characterized by pyrexia, profound leucopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, diarrhea, respiratory dysfunction, mucosal erosions, and hemorrhage (3,6,7). Some isolates of BVDV-1 also show higher virulence and similarly cause debilitating disease (8)(9)(10)(11). BVDV currently remains endemic in many cattle populations worldwide, with its adverse effects having major economic consequences (12).…”