Bovine Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth

Abstract

Objective. This study evaluated the discoloration potential of endodontic materials used in primary teeth. Material and Methods. Dentine-enamel blocks were prepared from 75 bovine teeth, assorted in five experimental groups (n = 15). The tested materials included an MTA-based material; zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE); Vitapex; and calcium hydroxide thickened with zinc oxide (Calen + ZO). The color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer at the following intervals: prior to (T0) and after placement of the filling (T1) and after 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), 3 months (T4), 6 months (T5), and 9 months (T6). Data were submitted to ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's test. Results. The time had a significant effect on the color variation (ΔE00⁎) (p < 0.0001). The effect of the materials on the color variation (ΔE00⁎) was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Interactions between time and materials demonstrated a significant effect on the values (ΔE00⁎) (p < 0.0001). The ZOE cement showed the highest darkening effect (p = 0.018). Conclusion. The MTA-based material showed the smallest discoloration during the experimental time; however, it was similar to the other materials and to the control group. Zinc oxide and eugenol showed higher discoloration.

Tooth discoloration induced by the different phases of a calcium aluminate cement: One‐year assessment

“…In addition, the permeability of bovine dentin close the cervical region is similar to the human dentin, reinforcing the idea of their use in ex vivo studies 31 . Several studies have already used both models to assess the staining ability of mineral aggregate‐based cements, with similar results, ensuring the reliability of the bovine tooth model 1,2,32,33 …”

Efficacy of digital radiographic systems in the quality assessment of intracanal materials used for primary teeth

“…Another explanation could be related to anatomical variations in the root canal, since bovine primary teeth were used. However, considering the similar root dentin morphology of bovine and human teeth, permitting similar penetration of the endodontic obturation material into the dentinal tubules 23,24 , we believe that the use of these teeth did not influence our results.…”

A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study tooth discolouration from endodontic materials

“…In some recent studies of endodontic discolouration, whole bovine teeth have been used (Krug et al, 2021). It is more common for blocks prepared from bovine teeth to be employed (Camargo et al, 2007; Castanho et al, 2011; Cochrane et al, 2019; Fonseca et al, 2008; Hara et al, 2003; Lopes et al, 2009; Schmalz et al, 2001; Teruel et al, 2015; Turssi et al, 2010), or for cavities to be prepared within bovine dentine (Dettwiler et al, 2016; Eggmann et al, 2021; Lenherr et al, 2012; Xavier et al, 2017). The latter approach, termed the bovine dentine slice model, is discussed in more detail in the following section.…”

“…When using the CIELab colour system, differences in colour (delta E ab ) of more than 5.5 units are considered clinically relevant, as such changes will be very evident to the human eye (Douglas et al, 2007). Later versions of the CIE colour system, such as the CIEDE2000, include corrections for the non‐uniform nature of the CIELab space and may be more useful for assessing clinically meaningful colour changes (Del Mar Perez et al, 2007; Thoma et al, 2016; Xavier et al, 2017).…”