Bovine leukemia virus: A major silent threat to proper immune responses in cattle

Frie, Meredith; Coussens, Paul M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.11.014

Cited by 114 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Nevertheless, immunological failure might also have played a predisposing role in the dissemination of BPVs (6). In the present study, BLV was identified in three cattle with tumor-like lesions sampled from the same herd (13.0%), which causes immune suppression (18). None of other BPV-identified samples were negative for BLV, but we have not examined other immunological or physiological adverse factors in these animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…BPV-8 and BPV-4 were found in peripheral blood leukocytes; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first description in peripheral blood leukocytes of asymptomatic cattle for BPV-8. Interestingly, BPV-6 was detected in a tumor-like sample obtained from the rectal region, which was coinfected with BLV, described as an oncogenic retrovirus (18), although BPV-6 is known to be the principal cause of the development of udder papilloma (1). Moreover, different BPV types were also identified in the blood of healthy cattle and cattle with papillomalike samples housed together in the same herd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BLV causes a chronic lymphoproliferative disease characterized by the development of immunosuppression called enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification of bovine papillomaviruses in dairy and beef cattle: first description of Xi- and Epsilonpapillomavirus in Turkey

Ataseven¹,

Kanat²,

Ergün³

2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification of bovine papillomaviruses in dairy and beef cattle: first description of Xi- and Epsilonpapillomavirus in Turkey

Ataseven¹,

Kanat²,

Ergün³

2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…BLV may affect cells of the immune system on many levels, it can influence proliferation, apoptosis and expression of receptors and cytokines, which are especially important for immune defence (Kabeya et al 2001, Frie andCoussens 2015). Cytokines are accountable for cell-to-cell communication; also, by affecting growth, differentiation and sensitivity of cells, they can regulate the strength and length of immunological reactions (Kabeya et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cytokine microenvironment has been established as one of the major factors during antitumor and antiviral immunity. Disturbance in the regulation of the cytokine network plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of persistent viral infections and oncogenesis (Frie and Coussens 2015). Moreover, specific cytokine profiles have been correlated with cancer progression and used to predict disease prognosis (Lee and Margolin 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine profiles of dendritic cells (DCs) during infection with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)

Iwan

Szczotka

Kocki

2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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BLV is an agent of enzootic bovine leukaemia (EBL), an infectious disease affecting cattle worldwide. BLV infection has been associated with immune system disorders and discrepancies in the cytokine network. The significance of dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of BLV infection is largely unknown, but considering their fundamental role in immune response it may be crucial. DCs precursors were isolated with the use of immunomagnetic beads from BLV-infected and BLV-free cows. From these precursors cultures of monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) were generated with the use of a cytokine cocktail (IL-4 and GM-CSF). Additionally, parallel DCs from BLV-negative animals were infected in vitro. The level of cytokines: IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p40), IL-12(p70) was determined in DC cultures: infected in vitro, originating from naturally infected cattle and BLV-free cattle. The investigation showed significant changes in almost all analyzed populations of BLV-infected DCs. Cytokine profiles of blood MoDCs indicated activation of these groups during infection. In the case of spleen MoDCs and lymph node MoDCs a decrease in production of IL-12(p40) and IL-12(p70) in favour of IL-6 and IL-10 was noted, suggesting promotion of BLV infection development.

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Bovine leukemia virus reduces anti‐viral cytokine activities and NK cytotoxicity by inducing TGF‐β secretion from regulatory T cells

Ohira

Nakahara

Konnai

et al. 2016

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

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CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells suppress excess immune responses that lead to autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases, and maintain host immune homeostasis. However, CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells reportedly contribute to disease progression by over suppressing immune responses in some chronic infections. In this study, kinetic and functional analyses of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells were performed in cattle with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infections, which have reported immunosuppressive characteristics. In initial experiments, production of the Th1 cytokines IFN‐γ and TNF‐α was reduced in BLV‐infected cattle compared with uninfected cattle, and numbers of IFN‐γ or TNF‐α producing CD4+ T cells decreased with disease progression. In contrast, IFN‐γ production by NK cells was inversely correlated with BLV proviral loads in infected cattle. Additionally, during persistent lymphocytosis disease stages, NK cytotoxicity was depressed as indicated by low expression of the cytolytic protein perforin. Concomitantly, total CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cell numbers and percentages of TGF‐β+ cells were increased, suggesting that TGF‐β plays a role in the functional declines of CD4+ T cells and NK cells. In further experiments, recombinant bovine TGF‐β suppressed IFN‐γ and TNF‐α production by CD4+ T cells and NK cytotoxicity in cultured cells. These data suggest that TGF‐β from CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells is immunosuppressive and contributes to disease progression and the development of opportunistic infections during BLV infection.

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Bovine leukemia virus: A major silent threat to proper immune responses in cattle

Cited by 114 publications

References 90 publications

Molecular identification of bovine papillomaviruses in dairy and beef cattle: first description of Xi- and Epsilonpapillomavirus in Turkey

Molecular identification of bovine papillomaviruses in dairy and beef cattle: first description of Xi- and Epsilonpapillomavirus in Turkey

Cytokine profiles of dendritic cells (DCs) during infection with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)

Bovine leukemia virus reduces anti‐viral cytokine activities and NK cytotoxicity by inducing TGF‐β secretion from regulatory T cells

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