Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in Algerian dromedary camels (Camelus dromaderius)

Saidi, Radhwane; Bessas, Amina; Bitam, Idir; Ergün, Yaşar; Ataseven, Veysel Soydal

doi:10.1007/s11250-017-1469-3

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In humans, the MERS-CoV and AHFV infections are known to be of high fatality rate (272)(273)(274)(275)298). Camel can also be infected by a number of other viruses (299)(300)(301)(302).…”

Section: Burnetii Still Neglected In the Oie List Of Zoonotic Pathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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The "One Health" concept recognizes that human health is connected to animal health and to the ecosystems. Coxiella burnetii-induced human Q fever is one of the most widespread neglected zoonosis. The main animal reservoirs responsible for C. burnetii transmission to humans are domesticated ruminants, primarily goats, sheep, and cattle. Although studies are still too sparse to draw definitive conclusions, the most recent C. burnetii serosurvey studies conducted in herds and farms in Africa, North Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Asia highlighted that seroprevalence was strikingly higher in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) than in other ruminants. The C. burnetii seroprevalence in camel herds can reach more than 60% in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, and 70 to 80% in Algeria and Chad, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was in female camels with a previous history of abortion. Moreover, C. burnetii infection was reported in ticks of the Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma impeltatum species collected on camels. Even if dromedary camels represent <3% of the domesticated ruminants in the countries of the Mediterranean basin Southern coast, these animals play a major socioeconomic role for millions of people who live in the arid zones of Africa, Middle East, and Asia. In Chad and Somalia, camels account for about 7 and 21% of domesticated ruminants, respectively. To meet the growing consumers demand of camel meat and milk (>5 million tons/year of both raw and pasteurized milk according to the Food and Agriculture Organization) sustained by a rapid increase of population (growth rate: 2.26-3.76 per year in North Africa), dromedary camel breeding tends to increase from the Maghreb to the Arabic countries. Because of possible long-term persistence of C. burnetii in camel hump adipocytes, this pathogen could represent a threat for herds and breeding farms and ultimately for public health. Because this review highlights a hyperendemia of C. burnetii in dromedary camels, a proper screening of herds and breeding farms for C. burnetii is urgently needed in countries where camel breeding is on the rise. Moreover, the risk of C. burnetii transmission from camel to human should be further evaluated.

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“…In humans, the MERS-CoV and AHFV infections are known to be of high fatality rate (272)(273)(274)(275)298). Camel can also be infected by a number of other viruses (299)(300)(301)(302).…”

Section: Burnetii Still Neglected In the Oie List Of Zoonotic Pathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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“…The previous findings disagree with the findings of Saidi et al . [ 28 ] who found that the seropositivity rate was 9.0% for BVDV-specific antibody, although 41.4% of camels tested were positive for BVDV Ag. Moreover, the results agreed with a study of Wernery [ 29 ] who recorded that neutralizing antibodies was 11% to BVDV in Egypt, with a peak 23% in one area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results indicated that camels might represent an important source for BVDV infection in all ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and goats breed in mixed herds since they had higher BVDV prevalence rates. Therefore, the prevention and control measures for BVDV spreading and persistence the camel should house in camel populations only to limit the spread of BVDV infection to ruminant populations [ 28 ]. The results of phylogenetic analysis of BVDV indicated that the isolated strain in this study was clustered with Sudan strain, proving the same source of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological surveillance of bovine viral diarrhea and rift valley fever infections in camel

Bahgy

Abdelmegeed²,

Marawan

2018

Vet World

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Aim:This study was designed to investigate the current epidemiological situation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and rift valley fever virus (RVFV) infection of camels originating from Sudan “smuggler” and Egypt as part of our future plan for a national surveillance program in Egyptian provinces, which will aid in establishment of control strategy for animal diseases.Materials and Methods:This investigation was accomplished using serological diagnostic and molecular biology techniques. A total number of 200 blood samples were collected from camel (120 originated from Sudan “smuggler” and 80 from local breed) and were subjected for testing both BVDV and RVFV occurrence with different age and sex.Results:Sixty-six of the 200 camels (33%) were positive for BVDV antibodies, and 44 (22%) for BVDV antigen (Ag), and 27 of the 200 camels (13.5%) were positive for RVFV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. On the other hand, the seroprevalence of BVDV for antibodies (47.5%), Ag (31.6%), and RVFV IgG antibodies (16.6%) was higher in camel originated from Sudan “smuggler” than of local breed which was 11.2% for BVDV antibodies and 7.5% for BVDV Ag, while it was 8.7% for RVFV IgG antibodies. The incidence of BVDV antibodies, Ag, and RVFV IgG antibodies was the highest in male, up to 9 years of age. The frequency of positive cases was significantly different according to the origin of samples and sex and age of camel for BVDV and RVFV. In addition, seven serologically positive samples for BVDV and five serologically positive samples for RVFV were submitted as a buffy coat for molecular detection by one-step – reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrated that three samples were positive for BVDV of camel originated from Sudan (smuggler), while no RVFV Ag was detected in all five samples. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the amplicons obtained from positive RT-PCR samples (three samples) indicated 100% nucleotide homology with Sudan strain 2015 except only one (missense point mutation) by substitution of A to T at position 345 that changed the coded amino acids from T (Threonine) to S (Serine) at residue 115.Conclusion:Camels act as risk animals for the introduction of many infectious diseases from Sudan to Egypt, especially transboundary animal diseases, so strict quarantine measures should be taken during importation of live animals from Sudan to prevent the spread of such diseases.

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“…While this detection method has also been used for the screening of heterologous hosts for BVDV in various studies and has 100% agreement with a single‐tube‐time RT‐PCR in 764 samples from negative red deer, 125 formal evaluation has not been performed for heterologous hosts. In some studies, unexpectedly high numbers of ACE‐positive samples were detected: for example, 41.4% in Algerian camels with an overall seroprevalence rate of 9.0%; 6/84 (7%) in mule deer; and 22/440 (5%) in white‐tailed deer 122,126,127 . While these results suggest a high proportion of PI animals in the sampled populations, this conclusion is unlikely because the PI prevalence rate in cattle is generally below 1%.…”

Section: Infections In Heterologous Hosts: What Is the Importance Of mentioning

confidence: 94%

Bovine viral diarrhea virus: An updated American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement with focus on virus biology, hosts, immunosuppression, and vaccination

Walz

Chamorro

Falkenberg

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ACVIM Board of Regents oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible and the panel offers interpretive comments when such evidence is inadequate or contradictory. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by solicitation of input by the ACVIM membership which may be incorporated into the statement. It is then submitted to the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, where it is edited prior to publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements.

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Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in Algerian dromedary camels (Camelus dromaderius)

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

Epidemiological surveillance of bovine viral diarrhea and rift valley fever infections in camel

Bovine viral diarrhea virus: An updated American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement with focus on virus biology, hosts, immunosuppression, and vaccination

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