Bovine coronavirus peplomer glycoproteins: detailed antigenic analyses of S1, S2 and HE

Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains

“…The regions labelled with an asterisk were previously described (Bidokhti et al, 2012) and the rest were found in the study; spanning amino acid residues 447-596, 718-722, 785-828, 875-888, 1235-1239 and 1275-1278. The second upper line represents the mAb-binding sites previously described for the S1 subunit (Yoo & Deregt, 2001) and for the S2 subunit (Vautherot et al, 1992b) of BCoV, spanning amino acid residues 351-403, 517-621 and 769-798. The third upper line represents receptor-binding domains previously described: the NTD spanning amino acid residues 15-298 of BCoV (Peng et al, 2012) and the C-domain spanning amino acid residues 318-510 of SARS-CoV .…”

“…A polymorphic region spanning amino acid residues 456-592 has also been shown by sequence analysis of BCoV strains (Rekik & Dea, 1994). It has been reported that mutations in the S1 and the N-terminus of the S2 sequence often result in changes in antigenicity (Kanno et al, 2013;Vautherot et al, 1992b;Yoo & Deregt, 2001). Likewise, parts of the putative receptor-binding domain defined in this study and the NTD defined in detail in a previous study (Peng et al, 2012) were shown to be under strong positive selection in the BCoV strains.…”

Characterization of Marek's Disease Virus Serotype 1 (MDV-1) Deletion Mutants That Lack UL46 to UL49 Genes: MDV-1 UL49, Encoding VP22, Is Indispensable for Virus Growth

“…Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against baculovirus-expressed VP5 (major capsid protein, [17,24]) and VP11/12 and VP13/14 (F. Dorange and J.-F. Vautherot, unpublished data) by using a protocol described earlier (9,38). The antibodies were termed F19 (anti-VP5), J3 (anti-VP11/12), and L13B (anti-VP13/14).…”

Sequence of the 3′-terminal end (8·1 kb) of the genome of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus: comparison with other haemagglutinating coronaviruses

“…The significance of specific amino acid residues for HEV strains, in view of their virulence for pigs and their respiratory and neurological tropism, is difficult to interpret, considering that they are apparently distributed randomly among the previously mentioned proteins, except for the S protein. The S1 portion of the envelope-associated S glycoprotein is known to carry major antigenic determinants of coronaviruses that trigger the host immune response to induce the production of virus-neutralizing (VN) antibodies (Dea & Tijssen, 1989 ;Deregt & Babiuk, 1987 ;Vautherot et al, 1992). Consequently, sequence differences in S1 are thought to be responsible for many of the antigenic differences between coronaviruses .…”

“…The HE is associated with granular projections located near the base of the typical large bulbous peplomers and displays haemagglutinating (HA), acetylesterase (AE) or receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) activities (Parker et al, 1990a, b ;Vlasak et al, 1988). The S and HE glycoproteins both possess antigenic determinants that trigger the immune response for the production of antibodies that neutralize virus infectivity and inhibit HA activity (Dea & Tijssen, 1989 ;Deregt & Babiuk, 1987 ;Michaud & Dea, 1993 ;Vautherot et al, 1992). Except for HCoV-OC43, BCoV and TCoV, these viruses do not seem to cross-react by seroneutralization or haemagglutination inhibition, but they all share common antigenic determinants on their structural proteins, as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, Western blotting and immunoprecipitation assays (Dea & Tijssen, 1989).…”