Bovine besnoitiosis and its effect on the male reproductive system

Kumi-Diaka, J.; Wilson, Sean; Sanusi, A.; Njoku, C.E.; Osori, D.I.K.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(81)90037-6

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…The study also observed that prevalence of the antibodies did not vary significantly between the bulls and cows. This differed from the observation of Kumi-Diaka et al (1981) that more bulls than cows were involved in the outbreak of besnoitiosis in Kano State. According to Igbokwe et al (2009), the difference between prevalence of cutaneous cysts of B. besnoiti was significantly higher in bulls than in the cows.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…The protozoan parasite is widely distributed in the Middle East (Bargai et al, 1980;Goldman & Pipano, 1983;Pipano, 1997;Shkap et al, 2002), Asia (Hi-Suk et al, 1970;Liu & Wang, 1982;Wang & Liu, 1987) and Europe (Franc et al, 1987). Millions of cattle in many African countries including South Africa, Angola, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroun (Njenga et al, 1999), Mozambique (Ferreira et al, 1983;Ferreira & Diaz, 1984) and Nigeria (Oduye, 1974;Kumi -Diaka et al, 1981;Sambo et al, 2007) had been found infected by the parasite in the past. The prevalence of besnoitiosis could be determined by gross examination of cattle with the cutaneous or sclero-conjunctival cysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of antibodies to B. besnoiti is unknown in the Northern region of Nigeria and the epidemiology of the disease is poorly understood in the country. Since clinical observations (Kumi -Diaka et al, 1981;Sekoni et al, 1992), diagnostic technique (Sannusi, 1991) and histopathology of bovine skin infected with the parasite (Sambo et al, 2007;Igbokwe et al, 2009) have been reported in the region, a serological survey is a relevant step in understanding besnoitiosis in the population. In this study, sera and milk samples were screened to establish the prevalence of antibodies to B. besnoiti among cattle in the Northern region of Nigeria which is endowed with the highest concentration of livestock in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of <i>Besnoitia besnoiti</i> antibodies in bovine sera and milk in Northern Nigeria

Sambo¹,

Ibrahim²,

Esievo³

et al. 2014

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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Besnoitia besnoiti, a re-emergent parasite of cattle in Europe, occurs in many countries of Africa and other parts of the world. Clinical observations and incidental findings of B. besnoiti in cattle have been reported in the Southern and Northern regions of Nigeria, but the prevalence of antibodies against this parasite is not yet known. This investigation was designed to determine the seroprevalence of bovine besnoitiosis in Northern Nigeria. A total of 400 cattle were selected at random through cluster sampling of herds from two Local Government Areas (LGA) each, of 5 States in the region (Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Sokoto and Borno States), between May, 2008 and November, 2009. Sera samples obtained from cows, bulls and calves, and milk from lactating cows with suckling calves were screened with indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) for antibodies to B. besnoiti. Out of the 400 samples 321 (80.3%) were positive for antibodies to B. besnoiti. Cattle sampled in Borno had the highest (87.5%) prevalence of antibodies to B. besnoiti, while those sampled from Katsina State had the least prevalence (62.3%). Wamako LGA of Sokoto State had the highest prevalence of the antibodies (100.0%), whi le Dan Musa LGA in Katsina had the least prevalence (53.0%) among the ten LGA sampled, however, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Similarly, the overall prevalence of antibodies to B. besnoiti did not vary significantly between bulls (84.0%) and cows (79.0%), or in the dry (83.6%) and wet (77.1%) seasons (p > 0.05). The high prevalence of antibodies to B. besnoiti in cattle in Northern Nigeria indicates an endemic state of the disease in this region.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of <i>Besnoitia besnoiti</i> antibodies in bovine sera and milk in Northern Nigeria

Sambo¹,

Ibrahim²,

Esievo³

et al. 2014

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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“…B. besnoiti parasitizes cattle, damaging hides and sometimes causing male sterility (Kumi-Diaka et al, 1981;Ayroud et al, 1995), adversely affecting the economy in Africa, Israel, and the parts of Europe where it is found (Dubey et al, 2003). Despite the economic importance of B. besnoiti, little is known about any species of Besnoitia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evidence for a recent population bottleneck in an Apicomplexan parasite of caribou and reindeer, Besnoitia tarandi

Madubata

Dunams-Morel

Elkin

et al. 2012

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…The characteristic clinical signs of the chronic stage are hyperkeratosis, alopecia and lichenification of the skin. There are few studies describing the histological lesions and intra-organ parasite distribution in chronically and severely infected cattle (McCully et al, 1966;Kumi-Diaka et al, 1981;Nobel et al, 1981). In these animals, tissue cysts are frequently found in the skin, sclera, upper respiratory tract, genital organs and vagina, and some of these cysts are surrounded by a granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chronic bovine besnoitiosis: Intra-organ parasite distribution, parasite loads and parasite-associated lesions in subclinical cases

Frey

Gutiérrez-Expósito

Ortega‐Mora

et al. 2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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Bovine besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia besnoiti is a chronic and debilitating disease. The most characteristic clinical signs of chronic besnoitiosis are visible tissue cysts in the scleral conjunctiva and the vagina, thickened skin and a generally poor body condition. However, many seropositive animals remain subclinically infected, and the role that these animals may play in spreading the disease is not known. The aim of the present study was to assess the intra-organ parasite distribution, the parasite load and the parasite-associated lesions in seropositive but subclinically infected animals. These animals were seropositive at the time of several consecutive samplings, had visible tissue cysts in the past and, at time of slaughter, had detectable specific anti-Besnoitia spp. antibody levels, but they did not show evident clinical signs at culling. Thus, histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of several samples from the respiratory tract, reproductive tract, other internal organs and skin from six cows were performed. The tissue cysts were located primarily in the upper respiratory tract, i.e., in the rhinarium and larynx/pharynx (four cows), followed by the distal genital tract (vulva/vagina) and the skin of the neck (three and two cows, respectively, out of the four cows with cysts in the respiratory tract). We were unable to detect any parasites in the two remaining cows. Cysts were associated with a significant non-purulent inflammatory infiltrate consisting predominantly of T lymphocytes and activated monocytes/macrophages in two cows. The parasite burden, estimated by quantitative real-time PCR, was very low. It is noteworthy that the only animal that showed a recent increase in the antibody titre had the highest parasite burden and the most conspicuous inflammatory reaction against the cysts. In conclusion, although these cows no longer displayed any visible signs of besnoitiosis, they remained infected. Therefore, cows without visible signs of disease may still be able to transmit the parasite.

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Bovine besnoitiosis and its effect on the male reproductive system

Cited by 42 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence of <i>Besnoitia besnoiti</i> antibodies in bovine sera and milk in Northern Nigeria

Prevalence of <i>Besnoitia besnoiti</i> antibodies in bovine sera and milk in Northern Nigeria

Evidence for a recent population bottleneck in an Apicomplexan parasite of caribou and reindeer, Besnoitia tarandi

Chronic bovine besnoitiosis: Intra-organ parasite distribution, parasite loads and parasite-associated lesions in subclinical cases

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