Evidence for a recent population bottleneck in an Apicomplexan parasite of caribou and reindeer, Besnoitia tarandi

Madubata, Chioma J.; Dunams-Morel, Detiger B.; Elkin, Brett; Oksanen, Antti; Rosenthal, Benjamin M.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.06.007

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…infection in other ungulate species of Spain of 1% (2/2608) and 0% (0/2285) have been reported in wild and small domestic ruminants, respectively, in areas where bovine besnoitiosis is highly endemic [11, 33]. However, whether equids may be reservoirs or intermediate hosts of B. besnoiti should be further elucidated through molecular genotyping [34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe

et al. 2017

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BackgroundEquine besnoitiosis, caused by Besnoitia bennetti, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), caused by Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi are relevant equine diseases in the Americas that have been scarcely studied in Europe. Thus, a serosurvey of these cystogenic coccidia was carried out in Southern Spain. A cross-sectional study was performed and serum samples from horses (n = 553), donkeys (n = 85) and mules (n = 83) were included. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to identify a Besnoitia spp. infection and positive results were confirmed by an a posteriori western blot. For Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp., infections were detected using in-house ELISAs based on the parasite surface antigens N. hughesi rNhSAG1 and S. neurona rSnSAG2/3/4. Risk factors associated with these protozoan infections were also investigated.ResultsAntibodies against Besnoitia spp., Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis spp. infections were detected in 51 (7.1%), 46 (6.4%) and 20 (2.8%) of 721 equids, respectively. The principal risk factors associated with a higher seroprevalence of Besnoitia spp. were the host species (mule or donkey), the absence of shelter and the absence of a rodent control programme. The presence of rodents was the only risk factor for Neospora spp. infection.ConclusionsThis study was the first extensive serosurvey of Besnoitia spp. infection in European equids accomplished by two complementary tests and gives evidence of the presence of specific antibodies in these populations. However, the origin of the infection is still unclear. Further parasite detection and molecular genotyping are needed to identify the causative Besnoitia and Neospora species. Finally, cross-reactions with antibodies directed against other species of Sarcocystis might explain the positive reactions against the S. neurona antigens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1046-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe

et al. 2017

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“…Genotyping was performed using two complementary techniques. First, the six MS loci were examined using previously described primers (Madubata et al., ) and the amplification of MS was performed as previously described (Gutiérrez‐Expósito et al., ). Tissue samples from the roe deer and donkey together with B. tarandi and Bb‐Spain 1 isolates were included in this analysis (Table S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Besnoitiosis in a Juvenile Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus )

Arnal

Gutiérrez-Expósito

Martínez-Durán

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Herein, we report the first incidence of systemic besnoitiosis in a male juvenile roe deer Capreolus capreolus. The animal was found dead in an area where bovine besnoitiosis is endemic and showed cachexia and multiple skin erosions in the metacarpal and metatarsal areas. Moreover, round and elevated white structures suggestive of Besnoitia spp. tissue cysts were also present. Twenty-eight tissue samples from different anatomical locations were collected for microscopic lesion and parasite detection through histopathology and PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm Besnoitia-positive reaction in the tissue cysts. In addition, the identity of Besnoitia spp. in PCR-positive tissue samples was also investigated using microsatellite (MS) markers, and the comparison of protein disulphide isomerase gene sequences (BbPDI) of B. besnoiti and B. tarandi isolated from cattle and reindeer, respectively. Besnoitia cysts were detected in the skin (several parts), respiratory and upper digestive tracts, eyes, kidney, liver, testicle, cardiac muscle and lymphoid tissue. Remarkably, the presence of tissue cysts in the brain confirmed the capacity of Besnoitia spp. to form tissue cysts in the central nervous system (CNS). Finally, the Besnoitia species detected showed the same MS genotype as B. besnoiti, and BbPDI sequences from roe deer and two B. besnoiti isolates were genetically identical throughout multiple sequence alignment. Thus, for the first time, there is evidence that roe deer might act as an intermediate host of B. besnoiti. Further molecular analyses and parasite isolations are needed to corroborate these findings.

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“…5,12,13 Phylogenetically, B. besnoiti, B. tarandi, and B. bennetti are similar and differ primarily by biological traits such as intermediate host specificity. Although microsatellite markers have been identified showing differences between field isolates from B. besnoiti, B. bennetti, and B. tarandi, 8 there are only minor differences in the ribosomal (r)RNA genes of these 3 Besnoitia spp., and rRNA provides no molecular markers to distinguish them on a genetic level. [1][2][3]11 The current gold standard for diagnosing besnoitiosis in donkeys is identification, via skin biopsy, of characteristic Besnoitia spp.…”

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Serological diagnosis of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys (Equus asinus)

et al. 2014

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Besnoitiosis is an emerging infectious disease of donkeys ( Equus asinus) in the United States for which there are currently no serologic methods of diagnosis. A study was performed to evaluate physical examination findings and 3 serologic assays for the detection of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys. A prospective study of 416 donkeys from 6 privately owned herds across 5 U.S. states (New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Oregon, and Washington) was performed. Donkeys were examined for clinical lesions suggestive of besnoitiosis and evaluated for antibodies against B. bennetti using a fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and 2 immunoblot assays specific for bradyzoite and tachyzoite antigens, respectively. Donkeys were confirmed to be infected with B. bennetti by histology (cases; n = 32) and were compared to those with no clinical signs of besnoitiosis (controls; n = 384). Identifying clinical lesions in 2 or more locations correctly identified infected donkeys 83% of the time. Donkeys with besnoitiosis had significantly higher FAT titers ( P < 0.001) and numbers of bradyzoite ( P < 0.001) and tachyzoite ( P < 0.001) immunoblot bands than control donkeys. The sensitivity and specificity of the serologic assays for detecting besnoitiosis was 88% and 96% for FAT, 81% and 91% for bradyzoite immunoblot, and 91% and 92% for tachyzoite immunoblot, respectively. Fluorescent antibody and immunoblot assays are effective at identifying donkeys with besnoitiosis and provide a more efficient and less invasive diagnostic alternative to histology.

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Evidence for a recent population bottleneck in an Apicomplexan parasite of caribou and reindeer, Besnoitia tarandi

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe

A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe

Systemic Besnoitiosis in a Juvenile Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus )

Serological diagnosis of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys (Equus asinus)

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