Bound states of solitons in a fiber laser mode locked with carbon nanotube saturable absorber

Wu, Xuan; Tang, Ding; Luan, Xuena; Zhang, Q.

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2011.03.071

Cited by 80 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We show that the observed pulse train states coexist with the regimes which are amplitude synchronized and possess fixed phase shifts between the pulses emitted by neighboring array elements. In contrast to the pulse bound state regimes predicted and observed experimentally previously [14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], this regime cannot exist in a solitary pulse-generating system. We illustrate this general result by considering a particular example of an array of mode-locked lasers coupled via evanescent fields in a ring geometry.…”

contrasting

confidence: 60%

Bound Pulse Trains in Arrays of Coupled Spatially Extended Dynamical Systems

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We study the dynamics of an array of nearest-neighbor coupled spatially distributed systems each generating a periodic sequence of short pulses. We demonstrate that unlike a solitary system generating a train of equidistant pulses, an array of such systems can produce a sequence of clusters of closely packed pulses, with the distance between individual pulses depending on the coupling phase. This regime associated with the formation of locally coupled pulse trains bounded due to a balance of attraction and repulsion between them is different from the pulse bound states reported earlier in different laser, plasma, chemical, and biological systems. We propose a simplified analytical description of the observed phenomenon, which is in a good agreement with the results of direct numerical simulations of a model system describing an array of coupled mode-locked lasers.Nonlinear temporal pulses and spatial dissipative localized structures appear in various optical, plasma, hydrodynamic, chemical, and biological systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Being well-separated from each other these structures can interact locally via exponentially decaying tails and, as a result of this interaction, they can form bound states, known also as "dissipative soliton molecules" [14], characterized by fixed distances and phase differences between individual structures. Such bound states can emerge due to the oscillatory character of the interaction force which is related to the presence of oscillating tails. Another scenario occurs in the case of monotonic repulsive interaction when either the pulse tails decay monotonically, or a strong nonlocal repulsive interaction between the pulses is present. In this case the pulses tend to distribute equidistantly in time or space leading to periodic pulse trains [15][16][17][18] which, in contrast to closely packed bound states, exhibit large distances between the consequent pulses.In this Letter we show that even in the case when the pulses in an individual system exhibit strong repulsion, the formation of bound pulse trains can be achieved by arranging several systems in an array with nearestneighbor coupling. As a result, the pulses interact not only within one system, but also with those in the neighboring ones leading to a different balance of attraction and repulsion. More specifically, we demonstrate that this array can produce a periodic train of clusters consisting of two or more closely packed pulses with the possibility to change the interval between the pulses via the variation of coupling phase parameter. We show that the observed pulse train states coexist with the regimes which are amplitude synchronized and possess fixed phase shifts between the pulses emitted by neighboring array elements. In contrast to the pulse bound state regimes predicted and observed experimentally previously [14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], this regime cannot exist in a solitary pulse-generating system. We illustrate this general result by considering a part...

show abstract

contrasting

confidence: 60%

Bound Pulse Trains in Arrays of Coupled Spatially Extended Dynamical Systems

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For a complete overview, Table 1 lists the most relevant experimental observation of two-soliton molecules exhibiting abundant discrete values of phase difference and interpulse separation in diverse configurations of fibre lasers (different wavelengths, difference dispersion conditions, different mode-locking techniques, etc.). At higher pumping power level, soliton molecules consisting of three and more than three solitons as well as bound states of bound solitons have been reported in sorts of fibre lasers [21,27,[45][46][47][48]. Figure 14 shows two typical examples of such multisoliton complexes observed by Zhao et al [47].…”

Section: Nearly Zero Net-cavity Dispersion Regimementioning

confidence: 86%

“…So far bound states have been studied by simulated and/or experimental methods in types of fibre laser cavities, i.e., in soliton [16,17], stretched-pulse [18], gain-guided [19] and self-similar [20] regimes, as well as dissipative soliton regime associating with large net-normal dispersion and spectral filtering [21]. A lot of experimental observations of bound solitons have been reported in fibre lasers mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) [22][23][24], nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) [8,25] and some real saturable absorbers (e.g., semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) [26], carbon nanotubes (CNT) [27][28][29], graphene [30,31], topological insulator [32], molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) [33] and black phosphorus [34]). Although a lot of experimental findings have been made in many different cavities, in-phase two-soliton bound states and a systematic observation of soliton molecules with different phase differences were only reported several years ago [28], due to large degree of freedom of manipulation on the experimental configurations in a fibre laser using a real saturable absorber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soliton Molecules and Multisoliton States in Ultrafast Fibre Lasers: Intrinsic Complexes in Dissipative Systems

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Featured Application: High-capacity telecommunication, advanced time-resolved spectroscopy, self-organization and chaos in dissipative systems. Abstract:Benefiting from ultrafast temporal resolution, broadband spectral bandwidth, as well as high peak power, passively mode-locked fibre lasers have attracted growing interest and exhibited great potential from fundamental sciences to industrial and military applications. As a nonlinear system containing complex interactions from gain, loss, nonlinearity, dispersion, etc., ultrafast fibre lasers deliver not only conventional single soliton but also soliton bunching with different types. In analogy to molecules consisting of several atoms in chemistry, soliton molecules (in other words, bound solitons) in fibre lasers are of vital importance for in-depth understanding of the nonlinear interaction mechanism and further exploration for high-capacity fibre-optic communications. In this Review, we summarize the state-of-the-art advances on soliton molecules in ultrafast fibre lasers. A variety of soliton molecules with different numbers of soliton, phase-differences and pulse separations were experimentally observed owing to the flexibility of parameters such as mode-locking techniques and dispersion control. Numerical simulations clearly unravel how different nonlinear interactions contribute to formation of soliton molecules. Analysis of the stability and the underlying physical mechanisms of bound solitons bring important insights to this field. For a complete view of nonlinear optical phenomena in fibre lasers, other dissipative states such as vibrating soliton pairs, soliton rains, rogue waves and coexisting dissipative solitons are also discussed. With development of advanced real-time detection techniques, the internal motion of different pulsing states is anticipated to be characterized, rendering fibre lasers a versatile platform for nonlinear complex dynamics and various practical applications.

show abstract

“…In the literature, many of the reported experimental results on bound solitons are demonstrated on passive mode-locked fiber lasers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] while only fewer of them are based on hybrid active/passive mode-locked fiber lasers [9][10][11]. The active harmonic mode-locking techniques offer the possibility to generate bound solitons at very high repetition rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent examples include a CNT mode-locked multi-wavelength ultrafast fiber laser [13] and a CNT modelocked distributed ultrafast fiber laser with flexible fundamental repetition rate tuning capability [14]. Bound soliton states have also been observed in a fiber laser passively mode-locked by CNT [5]. The saturable absorption effect plays an important role for bound soliton formation in these lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bound Soliton Fiber Laser Mode-Locking Without Saturable Absorption Effect

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stable bound soliton laser mode-locking is experimentally demonstrated in an environmentally stable hybrid mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser without incorporating (equivalent) nonlinear saturable absorption effects. The laser is with a sigma-type cavity and exhibits a higher threshold for single to bound soliton mode-locking state transition. A nonlinear eigenstate analysis based on the master equation model and the concept of steady state lasing gain is developed to more physically explain the observed mode-locking state transition phenomena.

show abstract

Bound states of solitons in a fiber laser mode locked with carbon nanotube saturable absorber

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

Bound Pulse Trains in Arrays of Coupled Spatially Extended Dynamical Systems

Bound Pulse Trains in Arrays of Coupled Spatially Extended Dynamical Systems

Soliton Molecules and Multisoliton States in Ultrafast Fibre Lasers: Intrinsic Complexes in Dissipative Systems

Bound Soliton Fiber Laser Mode-Locking Without Saturable Absorption Effect

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About