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2014
DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.127274
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Botulinum toxin: The Midas touch

Abstract: Botulinum Toxin (BT) is a natural molecule produced during growth and autolysis of bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. Use of BT for cosmetic purposes has gained popularity over past two decades, and recently, other therapeutic uses of BT has been extensively studied. BT is considered as a minimally invasive agent that can be used in the treatment of various orofacial disorders and improving the quality of life in such patients. The objective of this article is to review the nature, mechanism of action of … Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(14 citation statements)
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References 44 publications
(58 reference statements)
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“…If the botulinum toxin diffuses away from the intended muscle, it can affect other extraocular muscles and possibly potentiate ONM. 10 It is also possible that injection of the botulinum toxin expedited the clinical detection of the ONM rather than potentiating the actual onset. There are currently no published studies or case reports discussing the potential role of botulinum toxin in causing ONM when injected in extraocular muscles.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…If the botulinum toxin diffuses away from the intended muscle, it can affect other extraocular muscles and possibly potentiate ONM. 10 It is also possible that injection of the botulinum toxin expedited the clinical detection of the ONM rather than potentiating the actual onset. There are currently no published studies or case reports discussing the potential role of botulinum toxin in causing ONM when injected in extraocular muscles.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Diplopia is reported to occur after botulinum toxin injection for facial rejuvenation in 2.1% of patients. 9 Additionally, botulinum toxin is used for the treatment of strabismus, diplopia, and extraocular muscle palsies, by direct injection into the opposing extraocular muscles, 10 as in our patient. If the botulinum toxin diffuses away from the intended muscle, it can affect other extraocular muscles and possibly potentiate ONM.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Существуют 8 типов (и множество субтипов) ботулинических токсинов, от-личающихся распространением, токсичностью, опас-ностью для человека и мишенями для расщепления [42]. Уникальные механизмы, выработанные в процессе адаптивной эволюции, обеспечивают высокую спец-ифичность как проникновения в нейроны, так и расще-пления субстратов, приводящих к блокировке выброса нейротрансмиттеров, параличу и, при отсутствии тера-пии, смерти от остановки дыхания [43,44]. В отличие от сибиреязвенного токсина, который вызывает системные повреждения органов и тканей, действие ботулотокси-нов может быть полностью обратимо, и при адекватной терапии интоксикация не имеет каких-либо послед-ствий.…”
Section: ботулиническая токсикоинфекцияunclassified
“…В отличие от сибиреязвенного токсина, который вызывает системные повреждения органов и тканей, действие ботулотокси-нов может быть полностью обратимо, и при адекватной терапии интоксикация не имеет каких-либо послед-ствий. Данное свойство, а также механизм действия предопределили использование ботулотоксина в меди-цине при многочисленных спастических и связанных с ними болевых синдромах, а также в косметологии [44,45]. Успешное и широкое медицинское и косметическое применение ботулотоксина служит одной из причин, по которым вакцинация против наиболее широко встреча-ющихся токсинов типа А и В не получила распростране-ния.…”
Section: ботулиническая токсикоинфекцияunclassified
“…It is postulated that this action involves binding of this toxin to the presynaptic nerve membrane followed by lysis of SNAP 25 protein which is required for successful socking and reléase of Acetylcholine from the vesicles in the presynaptic nerve terminal. 3 It is thought to act at multiple sites like the neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings that reléase acetylcholine. The action of Botulinum toxin at the affected terminals is permanent, activity is regained by sprounting of new nerve terminals, which usually takes 2 or 3 months.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%