Botulinum toxin in treating Hailey‐Hailey disease: A systematic review

Abstract

Hailey-Hailey disease, also called benign familial chronic pemphigus, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent painful blistering, erosions, maceration in the intertriginous regions. 1,2 Hailey-Hailey disease is caused by mutations in the ATP2C1 gene located on chromosome 3q21-q24, whose function is to transport Ca 2+ /Mn 2+ into the Golgi apparatus and maintain normal intracellular concentrations of Ca 2+ /Mn 2+3 . The appearance of "dilapidated brick wall" was a characteristic histopathologic change of Hailey-Hailey disease. 4 Severe impairment of quality of life was observed in Hailey-Hailey disease in the aspects of symptoms, emotions, and social functioning. 5 Nowadays, treatment options for Hailey-Hailey disease include corticosteroids, antibiotics, botulinum toxin, CO 2 ablation laser, and dermabrasion. 6 CO 2 laser therapy as a long-term treatment option for Hailey-Hailey disease has been systematically reviewed, offering an effective and safe treatment option with minimal side effects. 7 Botulinum toxin has also been widely used in cosmetic dermatology, noncosmetic dermatology, and nondermatological indications. [8][9][10][11][12][13] As early as 2000, it was applied in a patient with Hailey-Hailey disease and provided a sustained

Case Report: A Case of Hailey–Hailey Disease Mimicking Condyloma Acuminatum and a Novel Splice-Site Mutation of ATP2C1 Gene

“…Systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporin, methotrexate, acitretin, or alitretinoin may be considered for generalized HHD ( Sárdy and Ruzicka, 2014 ; Ben Lagha et al, 2020 ); however, long-term use is not recommended because of serious side effects. Multiple new treatments have been demonstrated to be effective in some refractory cases of HHD in recent years, including botulinum toxin, naltrexone, dupilumab, apremilast, photodynamic therapy, common or fractional CO 2 laser, 595-nm pulsed dye laser, and electron beam radiotherapy ( Di Altobrando et al, 2020 ; Michael et al, 2020 ; Alzahrani et al, 2021 ; Dulmage et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). Long-term improvement was observed in some patients treated with various laser ablation or electron beam radiotherapy ( Leung et al, 2018 ).…”

Botulinum toxin beyond aesthetics in dermatology

“…Hyperhidrosis [7] Eccrine hydrocystomas Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma Pitted keratolysis Chromhidrosis Hailey-Hailey disease [8] Dyshidrotic eczema [9] Disorders of apocrine glands Hidradenitis suppurativa [10] Bromhidrosis Disorders of striated muscles For unopposed muscle action in facial palsy [11] Disorders associated with pain Post-herpetic neuralgia [12] Leiomyoma associated pain Notalgia paresthetica…”

Use of Botulinum Toxin in Treating Rosacea: A Systematic Review

“…12,13 As an injectable neuromodulator, botulinum toxin, especially type A, is useful to improve skin conditions and cosmetic defects. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Several reviews mentioned the use of botulinum toxin in rosacea treatment. 10,20,21 However, the study design, formulations, dilution and dosing, outcome measurement, and efficacy and safety were different in these studies.…”