Botulinum toxin in the treatment of facial synkinesis and hyperkinesis

Filipo, Roberto; Spahiu, Irma; Covelli, Edoardo; Nicastri, Maria; Bertoli, G. A.

doi:10.1002/lary.22404

Cited by 87 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The relevance of botulinum toxin in clinical improvement has been demonstrated in several studies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], providing a better quality of life for these patients [8,11]. Techniques and injection sites were already described many times over [4,7,8,10]. Regarding dosage alone, only the total doses injected have been detailed [3,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Long-term sequelae treatment of peripheral facial paralysis with botulinum toxin type A: Repartition and kinetics of doses used

Risoud

Aljudaibi

Duquennoy-Martinot

et al. 2016

Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Long-term sequelae treatment of peripheral facial paralysis with botulinum toxin type A: Repartition and kinetics of doses used

Risoud

Aljudaibi

Duquennoy-Martinot

et al. 2016

Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique

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“…No significant synkinesia was observed in the VII–XII anastomosis group. This observation is explained by the fact that the healing of two nerves led to a greater incidence of incorrect regeneration by the facial nerve fibers (22). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term facial nerve function following facial reanimation after translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma surgery: A comparison between sural grafting and VII–XII anastomosis

Wang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2013

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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The aim of this study was to compare the recovery of long-term facial nerve function between patients who received sural grafts and those who underwent hypoglossal-facial anastomosis techniques following translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma surgery. This study included 25 patients with vestibular schwannomas treated with translabyrinthine tumor removal. All patients had large tumors with a mean tumor size of 3.12 cm. Of these patients, six had progressive tumor enlargement symptoms and had been treated previously with stereotactic irradiation. Preoperatively, all patients had normal facial functions, and total tumor removal with a translabyrinthine approach was achieved in all cases. During surgery, the facial nerve was interrupted in all 25 patients. Two types of facial reanimation were performed. Sural grafts were placed in 13 patients and hypoglossal-facial (VII–XII) anastomosis was performed in the other 12. Facial nerve function and surgical outcomes were observed upon discharge, in the short term (one year following surgery), and in the long term (three years following surgery). Total facial paresis was observed in all patients upon discharge. In the sural graft group, House-Brackmann grade III facial function was achieved in four patients upon short-term evaluation and in ten upon long-term evaluation, while House-Brackmann grade IV facial function was achieved in nine patients upon short-term evaluation and three in the long term. In the VII-XII anastomosis group, House-Brackmann grade III facial function was achieved in two patients in the short term and eight in the long term, and House-Brackmann grade IV facial function was achieved in ten patients in the short term and four in the long term. There was a statistically significant difference in the facial recovery results between the short- and long-term follow-up periods. The sural graft group exhibited a marked improvement in results compared with the VII–XII anastomosis group, but no statistically significant difference in facial function was observed between the two facial reanimation groups at either the short- or long-term follow-up. In the sural graft group, synkinesia, noted in three patients, was the most frequently observed complication. Claudication was common upon discharge (four patients), but diminished during follow-up. Disarticulation was the most common complication in the VII–XII anastomosis group (five patients); numbness of the tongue was the second most common complication (four patients). None of the patients developed dysphagia. Facial reanimation is an effective procedure for the surgical rehabilitation of static and dynamic facial nerve functions. Significant improvement in facial nerve function may occur more than three years after surgery. Despite morbidities such as synkinesia, the sural graft technique demonstrates greater improvements in facial nerve function than VII–XII anastomosis in the short and long term following surgery, but this conclusion requires confirmation by larger studies with a greater number of patients.

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“…23,25 As mentioned previously, BTA prevents the transmission of autonomous impulses to various muscle and glandular tissues causing a "functional denervation of neuromuscular end plates. " 25 Subsequent pathological movement to the targeted region is halted, thereby !"#$%&'()*+,$(%&'"%+-. improving one's quality of life.…”

Section: Auricular Dystoniamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition, it may hinder the ability to display appropriate facial expressions, resulting in embarrassment, poor self-esteem and consequently impairing quality of life. 22,25 Synkinesis is frequently observed in the platysma, though facial nerve rerouting to the auricularis muscles, the extrinsic muscles of the ear, is a novel case. ese muscles are innervated by the temporal and posterior auricular branches of the facial nerve.…”

Section: Auricular Dystoniamentioning

confidence: 99%