Bottlenecks in domestic animal populations can facilitate the emergence of
            <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>
            , the aetiological agent of Chagas disease

Levy, Michael Z.; Tustin, Aaron W; Castillo-Neyra, Ricardo; Mabud, Tarub S.; Levy, Katelyn; Barbu, Corentin; Quıspe-Machaca, Victor R.; Ancca-Juárez, Jenny; Borrini-Mayorí, Katty; Náquira-Velarde, César; Ostfeld, Richard S.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2807

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A possible explanation for this finding is that newly infected mammalian hosts may undergo a rapid logistic increase in the number of circulating parasites. In other words, hosts may go from no parasitemia to a high level of infectiousness very quickly [12,13]. Vectors that feed on such hosts may be almost certain to acquire the parasite, regardless of the size of the blood meal they ingest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the mechanism ofTrypanosoma cruziacquisition by triatomine insects: evidence from a large field survey ofTriatoma infestans

Tustin

Castillo-Neyra

Tamayo

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blood-sucking triatomine bugs transmit the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma 14 cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. We measured the prevalence of T. cruzi 15 infection in 58,519 Triatoma infestans captured in residences in and near Arequipa, Peru. 16 Among bugs from infected colonies, T. cruzi prevalence increased with stage from 12% in 17 second instars to 36% in adults. Regression models demonstrated a linear relationship 18 between infection prevalence and developmental stage. Prevalence increased by 5.4 19percentage points with each additional stage. We postulate that the probability of acquiring 20 the parasite may be related to the number of feeding events. Transmission of the parasite 21does not appear to be correlated with the amount of blood ingested during feeding. Similarly, 22other hypothesized transmission routes such as coprophagy fail to explain the observed 23 pattern of prevalence. Our results could have implications for the feasibility of late-acting 24 control strategies that preferentially kill older insects. 25

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the mechanism ofTrypanosoma cruziacquisition by triatomine insects: evidence from a large field survey ofTriatoma infestans

Tustin

Castillo-Neyra

Tamayo

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…cruzi [5,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]] -in addition to housing dogs and humans, which offer an abundance of blood meals for the vector and competent hosts for the parasite [5]. These data suggest that blocks remain free of T. cruzi due to either low rates of immigration or low probabilities of establishment as populations thrive once established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of T. cruzi across city blocks is comparatively more fragmented than the distribution of its vector, suggesting that the parasite faces barriers to dispersal in addition to those encountered by the vector. These barriers could result from both life history characteristics of T. cruzi -such as inefficient transmission from vectors to hosts [20,29] cruzi population because the parasite is not vertically [30] nor horizontally [23] transmitted between vectors. Therefore, T. cruzi may be unable to establish a population in a new block even if its infected vector successfully establishes a population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal patterns of Trypanosoma cruzi in Arequipa, Peru

Berry

Salazar-Sánchez²,

Castillo-Neyra

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthropogenic environmental alterations such as urbanization can threaten native populations as well as create novel environments that allow human pests and pathogens to thrive. As the number and size of urban environments increase globally, it is more important than ever to understand the dispersal dynamics of hosts, vectors and pathogens of zoonotic disease systems.For example, a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of Chagas disease in humans, Trypanosoma cruzi, recently colonized and spread through the city of Arequipa, Peru. We used population genomic and phylogenomic tools to analyze whole genomes of 123 T. cruzi isolates collected throughout Arequipa to determine patterns of T. cruzi dispersal. The data show significant population genetic structure within city blocks -parasites in the same block tend to be very closely related -but no population structure among blocks within districts -parasites in neighboring blocks are no more closely related to one another than to parasites in distant districts. These data suggest that T. cruzi dispersal within a block occurs regularly and that occasional long-range dispersal events allow the establishment of new T. cruzi populations in distant blocks. Movement of domestic animals may be the primary mechanism of inter-block and inter-district T. cruzi dispersal. Author SummaryUrbanization creates environments that are ideal for some human pests and pathogens. As the number and size of urban environments increases globally, it is becoming vital to understand how human disease-causing pathogens, their vectors, and their non-human hosts disperse through urban landscapes. Here we study a population of Trypanosoma cruzi -the protozoan parasite and causative agent of Chagas disease in humans -that recently colonized the city of Arequipa, Peru. We use population genomic and phylogenomic tools to understand how this parasite population dispersed through the city to achieve its current distribution and abundance.We show that T. cruzi collected from the same city block tend to be very closely related, while those from neighboring blocks are often as distantly related as those from blocks in distant districts. The data suggest that vectors facilitate frequent within-block dispersal of the parasite, while domestic animal movement may facilitate the relatively infrequent inter-block and interdistrict dispersal.

show abstract

“…As an extraordinarily eclectic, stercocarian parasite, T. cruzi spreads very inefficiently between a great diversity of vectors and hosts. These also vary immensely in transmission competence (46,47) and availability (48,49) and occupy an array of disparate niches (including the domestic-sylvatic interface). The parasite's life cycle thus likely represents a continuum of bottlenecks linked to frequent local extinction and recolonization events that increase levels of genetic drift and identity by descent (IBD).…”

Section: Rationale For Reproductive Polymorphism In T Cruzimentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel sexual and parasexual population genomic structure inTrypanosoma cruzi

Schwabl

Imamura

Broeck

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genetic exchange and hybridization in parasitic organisms is fundamental to the exploitation of new hosts and host populations. Variable mating frequency often coincides with strong metapopulation structure, where patchy selection or demography may favor different reproductive modes. Evidence for genetic exchange in Trypanosoma cruzi over the last 30 years has been limited and inconclusive. The reproductive modes of other medically important trypanosomatids are better established, although little is known about their variability on a spatio-temporal scale. Targeting a contemporary focus of T. cruzi transmission in southern Ecuador, we present compelling evidence from 45 sequenced genomes that T. cruzi (discrete typing unit I) maintains sexual populations alongside others that represent clonal bursts of parasexual origin. Strains from one site exhibit genome-wide Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and intra-chromosomal linkage decay consistent with meiotic reproduction. Strains collected from adjacent areas (>6 km) show excess heterozygosity, near-identical haplo-segments, common mitochondrial sequences and levels of aneuploidy incompatible with Mendelian sex. Certain individuals exhibit trisomy in as many as fifteen chromosomes. Others present fewer, yet shared, aneuploidies reminiscent of mitotic genome erosion and parasexual genetic exchange. Genomic and intra-genomic phylogenetics as well as haplotype co-ancestry analyses indicate a clear break in geneflow between these distinct populations, despite the fact that they occasionally co-occur in vectors and hosts. We propose biological explanations for the fine-scale disconnectivity we observe and discuss the epidemiological consequences of flexible reproductive modes and their genomic architecture for this medically important parasite.

show abstract

Bottlenecks in domestic animal populations can facilitate the emergence of Trypanosoma cruzi , the aetiological agent of Chagas disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Elucidating the mechanism ofTrypanosoma cruziacquisition by triatomine insects: evidence from a large field survey ofTriatoma infestans

Elucidating the mechanism ofTrypanosoma cruziacquisition by triatomine insects: evidence from a large field survey ofTriatoma infestans

Dispersal patterns of Trypanosoma cruzi in Arequipa, Peru

Parallel sexual and parasexual population genomic structure inTrypanosoma cruzi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About