2018
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34783-z
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Bottle beam generation from a frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser

Abstract: We demonstrate, for the first time, the direct generation of a bottle beam with a well-isolated three-dimensional zero-intensity dark core (high potential barrier) from a compact intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser with a nearly hemispherical cavity. We also numerically calculate the physical properties of the generated bottle beam using a coherent superposition of a series of frequency-locked Laguerre–Gaussian modes.

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Cited by 10 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…LG 00 + LG 50 were generated in Nd:YVO 4 lasers with different degenerate cavities with r/s = 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 [22,23]. Similar results were obtained in [24] for a hemispherical cavity Nd:YVO 4 laser with intracavity frequency doubling. Once a superposition of the eigenmodes has been generated in a laser, it can be delivered to a sample via ABCD optical system, taking into account the transformation of the Gouy phases of the eigenmodes and the complex radius of curvature of the eigenmode family.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 72%
“…LG 00 + LG 50 were generated in Nd:YVO 4 lasers with different degenerate cavities with r/s = 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 [22,23]. Similar results were obtained in [24] for a hemispherical cavity Nd:YVO 4 laser with intracavity frequency doubling. Once a superposition of the eigenmodes has been generated in a laser, it can be delivered to a sample via ABCD optical system, taking into account the transformation of the Gouy phases of the eigenmodes and the complex radius of curvature of the eigenmode family.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 72%
“…The generation of 'bottle beams' has been demonstrated in both degenerate and frequency-doubled hemispherical cavities, in which Gaussian and higher-order transverse modes operate at the same frequency [46], [47]. The ultrahigh-Q self-Raman laser in this experiment also facilitates coherent coupling between Gaussian and several radial LG (ℓ = 0, p ≠ 0) modes leading to 'bottle beam' generation.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…They observed that for an input composite vortex, the frequency-doubled beam was also composite (coherent superposition of the pure LG mode). Tung et al [109] also reported a frequency-doubled vortex beam in 2018, which they designated as the bottle beam. The experimental configuration is in Figure 3D.…”
Section: Shg/sfg/hhgmentioning
confidence: 99%