as excellent nanoscale containers for mole cules, [4][5][6] metals, [7][8][9] and metal halides, [10] where the spontaneous encapsulation is driven by van der Waals forces that stabilize the confined guest species in the internal channel of the host nanotube. [11] Moreover, a good geometric fit between the critical dimensions of the encapsulated guest and the internal dimensions of the host can result in van der Waals forces that are sufficiently high that insertion is irreversible. This effective nanoscale confinement permits the study of the structure, [12,13] motion, [14] and dynamics [15,16] of individual molecules.Furthermore, extreme spatial confinement in CNTs allows us to probe the kinetics and pathways of chemical reactions and processes at the nanoscale, including the formation of 1D materials templated by the internal channel of the host nanotube. [6,17,18] The simplest and most widely studied confined transformation in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is the conversion of C 60 @SWCNT, so-called "peapods," into double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) via the thermally activated polymerization and coalescence of guest fullerenes to an internal carbon nanotube. [17,19] Numerous more complex processes have also been observed inside nanotubes, such as unusual oligomerization and polymerization reactions, [13,20,21] the growth of graphene nanoribbons, [22][23][24] and the formation of molecular nanodiamonds [18] from encapsulated fullerenes and organic molecules, respectively. As such, chemical reactions inside carbon nanotubes open up new avenues for the synthesis of nanoscale materials with unique structures and functional properties inaccessible by other means.Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are isoelectronic to CNTs and similarly possess high mechanical strength [25] and excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. [26] In contrast to CNTs, however, BNNTs are electronically insulating, a consequence of the partly ionic interatomic BN bonding, and optically transparent with a wide bandgap. [27,28] While less well explored relative to CNTs, BNNTs represent a remarkable class of 1D nanoscale containers for metals, [29][30][31][32][33][34] metal halides, [35,36] and molecules, such as C 60 , [37] and owing to their transparency to visible light The use of boron nitride nanotubes as effective nanoscale containers for the confinement and thermal transformations of molecules of C 60 -fullerene is demonstrated. The gas-phase insertion of fullerenes into the internal channel of boron nitride nanotubes yields quasi-1D arrays, with packing arrangements of the guest fullerenes different from those in the bulk crystal and critically dependent on the internal diameter of the host nanotube. Interestingly, the confined fullerene molecules: i) exhibit dynamic behavior and temperaturedependent phase transitions analogous to that observed in the bulk crystal, and ii) can be effectively removed from within the internal channel of nanotubes by excessive sonication in organic solvent, indicating weak host-guest inter ...