In vitro investigation of the effects of boron nitride nanotubes and curcumin on DNA damage

Abstract

Backround Stem cells provide an opportunity to analyse the effects of xenobiotic on cell viability, differentiation and cell functions. Evaluation of the possible cytotoxic and DNA damaging effects on bone marrow CD34 + stem cells is important for their ability to differentiate into blood cells, and also for bone marrow diseases therapy. Boron nitride nanotubes and curcumin are potential nanoformulation agents that can be used together in the treatment of cancer or bone marrow diseases. Therefore, it is important to evaluate their possible effects on different cell lines. Objectives In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and DNA damaging effects of boron nitride nanotubes which are commonly used in pyroelectric, piezoelectric and optical applications, but there is not enough information about its biocompatibility. Also, it was intended to research the effects of curcumin being used frequently in treatment processes for antioxidant properties. Methods The possible cytotoxic and DNA damaging effects of boron nitride nanotubes and curcumin on CD34 + cells, HeLa and V79 cells were evaluated by MTT assay and Comet assay, respectively. Results and conclusion Boron nitride nanotubes and curcumin had cytotoxic effects and cause DNA damage on CD34 + cells, HeLa and V79 cells at several concentrations, probably because of increased ROS level. However, there were not concentrationdependent effect and there were controversial toxicity results of the studied cell lines. Its mechanism needs to be enlightened by further analysis for potential targeted drug development.

Ecotoxicological assessment of commercial boron nitride nanotubes toward Xenopus laevis tadpoles and host-associated gut microbiota

“…Thus, even if we cannot exclude that reversible DNA damages could occur through single strand break DNA, the obtained results indicated that BNNT exposure do not lead to permanent DNA alteration. This obser vation is contrary to in vitro studies indicating dis turbances of cell proliferation and genotoxicity of BNNT (Fernandez-Yague et al 2015;Horvath et al 2011;Çal and Bucurgat 2019;Emanet et al 2015), but consistent with the few available works per formed in vivo. lndeed, no genotoxicity was observed in the planaria (Salvetti et al 2015) as well as in drosophila (Demir and Marcos 2018) after BNNT exposure.…”

“…Studies related to BNNT toxicity remain scarce and inconsistent. lndeed, although many of the published works indicate biocompatibility of raw and functionalized BNNT in vitro as well as in vivo (Chen et al 2009;�en, Emanet, and Çulha 2016;Ciofani et al 2010;Ciofani et al 2008;Ciofani et al 2014;Fernandez-Yague et al 2015;Rocca et al 2016;Salvetti et al 2015), some studies highlighted cell type dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects (Augustine et al 2019;Horvath et al 2011;Çal and Bucurgat 2019). Ecotoxicological data are lacking while it is necessary for the sustainable develop ment of BNNT-based products.…”

In Vitro and In Vivo Cytotoxicity of Boron Nitride Nanotubes: A Systematic Review

“…In the selected articles various methods have been used to analyse the effects of the BNNTs-incubated cells on cell viability and cytotoxicity assays (Figure 4a). The most commonly used evaluations were 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) [31,35,76,78,82,156], 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium (WST-1) [68], alamarBlue™ [30], Trypan Blue assay [78,82] [27], lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and amido black assay [67]. These assays are calorimetric methods to evaluate cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity.…”

“…Genotoxicity testing is performed to detect and identify hazards, and to determine the mutation of germ cells and cancer development (Figure 4b) [46]. The genotoxicity of BNNTs can be assessed using the comet assay [35,40,57]. The comet assay can be used with in vivo and in vitro evaluation of genotoxicity.…”

“…In addition to the size-dependent cytotoxicity, it was found that BNNTs exhibited concentration-and cell-line-dependent cytotoxic effects [37]. Çal et al [35] demonstrated the cytotoxicity and DNA damage effects of BNNTs and curcumin using HeLa cells, CD34+ cells, and V79 cells. The MTT and Comet assay indicated that curcumin and BNNTs-curcumin were cytotoxic in all the concentrations [35].…”