Boron and Antimony Compounds as Flame Retardants in Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Antimony polymers. III. Flame retardant behavior of chloroprene and natural rubber vulcanizates with antimony polymer

“…24 The flame retardancy of Sb 2 O 3 in absence of halogen is mostly found in case of increases the IDT value decreases. Similar observation was reported 25 in case of nylon 6 polymer, polymers containing higher amount of oxygen such as sorbitol based polyether 6 and polyester where IDT lowered by 50ЊC by addition of hexabromobiphenyl FR additive. The efficiency of the glass laminates.…”

“…The antimony compounds inhibit the by the ''wall'' or surface effect. 1,3,4 Although there flame mainly through the vapor phase mechanism are a number of reports [5][6][7] where Sb 2 O 3 alone has by the formation of volatile antimony halides and been found to be a suitable effective flame reoxyhalides. There are a number of suggested tardant without the need of halogens, the flame modes of action of antimony-halogen synergism: retardancy was probably due to simple physical 1) SbX 3 is itself believed to be an effective free dilution of the flammable substrate and formation radical trap or chain breaker in the gas phase of of an impermeable glassy layer or coating on the burning process, just as HX is, 2) the trivalent burning surface at ignition temperature.…”

A Review on Flame Retardants Used in Polyurethane Foam

“…Surface morphology was observed thorough SEM (Scanning electron microscope), Its flame retardant properties tested by LOI (limiting oxygen index) according to ASTM D2863, UL-94 vertical burning test according to ASTM D3801, smoke density (SDR) values according to ASTM D2843 standard and to recognize the pyrolysis fragments of PU foam thermosets, a gas chromatography mass spectrometer equipped with a PYR-4A pyrolyzer was employed. (16).…”